Yu-Peng Chiung, Lin Chern-Gyuan, Jong Tain-Chyuan
Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung-Hwa College of Medical Technology, Tai-Nan County, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2005 Oct;109(1-3):37-56. doi: 10.1007/s10661-005-4335-0.
The Keelung port, which is located on the northern tip of Taiwan, right next to the Taipei metropolitan area, is an important international harbor. However, any air pollutants generated from the Keelung port region, immediately travel to the neighboring Keelung city, and greatly impact the residents' daily life and the quality of their environment. This study has investigated and quantified pollution emissions, from the Keelung port region, between 1997 and 2002. Emissions from major air pollution sources were estimated. The estimated results indicated that total TSP (total suspended particles) emissions had significantly increased, from 5221 ton/yr in 1997 to 262 687 ton/yr in 2002, due to the greatly increased volume of sand imported into Keelung Harbor. Quantities of other emissions, such as SO(2), NO(2), CO and HC remained stable and were 440, 207, 78 and 25 ton/yr, respectively, on average, with variations within 7% over the previous six-year period. By examining the emissions from pollution sources, it was found that TSP emissions mainly originated from re-suspension of dust, due to both vehicle movement and the sand unloading process; this accounted for over 99% of the total TSP emissions produced in the port region. About 80% of the total SO(2) emissions originated from the main ships' engines within the Keelung port region, due to the use of fuel with a high sulfur content. In addition, loading/unloading machines within the port region were the major sources of NO(2), CO and HC pollution emissions, which comprised 54, 58 and 66% of the total emissions of these pollutants, respectively. TSP emissions from Keelung port were much higher than from the neighboring Keelung city; hence, alleviating TSP emissions should be the first priority for air pollution reduction within both the port of Keelung and Keelung city.
基隆港位于台湾北端，紧邻台北都会区，是一个重要的国际港口。然而，基隆港区域产生的任何空气污染物都会立即扩散到邻近的基隆市，对居民的日常生活和环境质量产生重大影响。本研究调查并量化了1997年至2002年基隆港区域的污染排放情况。估算了主要空气污染源的排放量。估算结果表明，由于基隆港进口沙子的数量大幅增加，总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）排放量显著增加，从1997年的5221吨/年增至2002年的262687吨/年。其他污染物排放量，如二氧化硫（SO₂）、二氧化氮（NO₂）、一氧化碳（CO）和碳氢化合物（HC）则保持稳定，平均分别为440吨/年、207吨/年、78吨/年和25吨/年，在过去六年中的变化幅度在7%以内。通过对污染源排放情况的研究发现，TSP排放主要源于车辆行驶和沙子卸载过程中产生的扬尘，占港口区域TSP排放总量的99%以上。约80%的SO₂排放源自基隆港区域内主要船舶的发动机，这是由于使用了高硫含量的燃料。此外，港口区域内的装卸机械是NO₂、CO和HC污染排放的主要来源，分别占这些污染物排放总量的54%、58%和66%。基隆港的TSP排放量远高于邻近的基隆市；因此，减少TSP排放应成为基隆港和基隆市空气污染治理的首要任务。
