Lin George, Conners Gregory P
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
J Emerg Med. 2005 Nov;29(4):417-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2005.05.003.
Public education to prevent carbon monoxide exposure during ice storms has been recommended; its effects remain unexamined. We compared patients seen for carbon monoxide inhalation at the area's only academic Emergency Department during 1991 and 2003 ice storms; educational efforts were more intense in 2003. There were fewer patients during the second storm (45 vs. 55); all recovered fully. The percentage of Caucasian patients rose (from 57% to 89%) whereas that of African-American patients fell (from 39% to 7%). Indoor grill use, associated with 11% of 1991 cases, was eliminated in 2003. Indoor gas generators remain the most common source. Carboxyhemoglobin levels correlate poorly with ambient carbon monoxide levels. Enhanced public education had a modest effect, especially in reducing the proportion of African-American patients and those from indoor grill use. Research on more effective public health education targeted at gas generator users and combined with physical interventions should be considered.
有人建议开展公共教育以预防冰暴期间一氧化碳中毒，但尚未对其效果进行检验。我们比较了1991年和2003年冰暴期间该地区唯一一家学术性急诊科收治的一氧化碳吸入患者；2003年的教育力度更大。第二次冰暴期间的患者较少（45例对55例）；所有患者均完全康复。白人患者的比例上升（从57%升至89%），而非洲裔美国患者的比例下降（从39%降至7%）。1991年11%的病例与室内烧烤炉使用有关，2003年已不再出现此类情况。室内燃气发电机仍是最常见的一氧化碳来源。碳氧血红蛋白水平与环境一氧化碳水平的相关性较差。加强公共教育有一定效果，尤其是在减少非洲裔美国患者以及因使用室内烧烤炉而中毒的患者比例方面。应考虑针对燃气发电机使用者开展更有效的公共卫生教育研究，并结合实际干预措施。
