Marshall Simon J, Gorely Trish, Biddle Stuart J H
Department of Exercise & Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-7251, USA.
J Adolesc. 2006 Jun;29(3):333-49. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.08.016. Epub 2005 Oct 21.
The purpose of this systematic review was to (i) estimate the prevalence and dose of television (TV) viewing, video game playing and computer use, and (ii) assess age-related and (iii) secular trends in TV viewing among youth (< or = 18 yr). Ninety studies published in English language journals between 1949 and 2004 were included, presenting data from 539 independent samples (the unit of analysis). Results suggest contemporary youth watch on average 1.8-2.8 h of TV per day, depending on age and gender. Most (66%) are "low users" (< 2 h day(-1)) of TV but 28% watch more than 4 h day(-1). Boys and girls with access to video games spend approximately 60 and 23 min day(-1), respectively, using this technology. Computer use accounts for an additional 30 min day(-1). Age-specific data suggest TV viewing decreases during adolescence, but those considered "high users" at young ages are likely to remain high users when older. For children with access to a television set, the number of hours spent viewing does not appear to have increased over the past 50 years.
(i)估计青少年(≤18岁)看电视、玩电子游戏和使用电脑的普及率及时长;(ii)评估与年龄相关的情况;(iii)分析青少年看电视的长期趋势。纳入了1949年至2004年间发表在英文期刊上的90项研究,这些研究提供了539个独立样本(分析单位)的数据。结果表明,当代青少年平均每天看电视1.8 - 2.8小时,具体时长取决于年龄和性别。大多数青少年(66%)是电视“低用户”(每天<2小时),但28%的青少年每天看电视超过4小时。有机会玩电子游戏的男孩和女孩每天分别花费约60分钟和23分钟使用这项技术。使用电脑的时间每天额外增加30分钟。特定年龄的数据表明,青少年时期看电视的时间会减少,但年轻时被视为“高用户”的人长大后可能仍会是高用户。对于有电视机的儿童来说,在过去50年里,他们看电视的时长似乎并没有增加。