Wolgemuth J C, Myers-Williams C, Johnson P, Henseler C
Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, College of Health, Florida International University, Miami.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1992 Jul;92(7):834-9.
The few previous studies of the nutritional status and dietary intakes of the homeless have been limited by small sample sizes. We collected information from a multiethnic sample of 277 homeless men and women in Miami, Fla. Data collected included a brief personal history, anthropometric variables, and a detailed 24-hour dietary recall. An additional 24-hour dietary recall was collected from a subsample of 36 men. Socioeconomic characteristics of our sample were similar to that of other samples of the homeless. Using measurements of the upper arm muscle area, we identified wasting malnutrition in 20% of the men. Dietary intakes (percentage of the Recommended Dietary Allowances [RDAs] +/- standard error of the mean) for energy (82 +/- 2.88%), calcium (63 +/- 3.28%), zinc (56 +/- 2.61%), and vitamin B-6 (68 +/- 3.93%) were significantly below RDA guidelines for all ethnic groups. In addition, thiamin (75 +/- 6.34%) intakes for whites and vitamin A (61 +/- 12.53%) and riboflavin (74 +/- 7.72%) intakes for Hispanics were below RDA guidelines. Compared with men, women consumed significantly less energy, calcium, and zinc.
之前关于无家可归者营养状况和饮食摄入的研究较少，且样本量较小。我们从佛罗里达州迈阿密的277名无家可归的男性和女性的多民族样本中收集了信息。收集的数据包括简要的个人病史、人体测量变量以及详细的24小时饮食回顾。另外，从36名男性的子样本中收集了一次24小时饮食回顾。我们样本的社会经济特征与其他无家可归者样本相似。通过测量上臂肌肉面积，我们发现20%的男性存在消瘦型营养不良。所有种族群体的能量（82±2.88%）、钙（63±3.28%）、锌（56±2.61%）和维生素B-6（68±3.93%）的饮食摄入量（占推荐膳食摄入量[RDA]的百分比±平均标准误差）均显著低于RDA指南。此外，白人的硫胺素摄入量（75±6.34%）以及西班牙裔的维生素A摄入量（61±12.53%）和核黄素摄入量（74±7.72%）均低于RDA指南。与男性相比，女性摄入的能量、钙和锌明显更少。
