Darmon N, Coupel J, Deheeger M, Briend A
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Institut Scientifique et Technique de la Nutrition et de l'Alimentation, 5 rue du Vertbois, 75003 Paris, France.
Public Health Nutr. 2001 Apr;4(2):155-61. doi: 10.1079/phn200053.
To assess the dietary intake and the nutritional status of homeless men.
A night emergency shelter in Paris, France.
Dietary survey (48-h) including alcohol intake and a questionnaire on age, duration of homelessness, smoking habits. Subjects were also weighed and measured.
Ninety-seven men aged 18-72 years (mean 43.3), of whom 54% were homeless for more than 18 months, 82% were smokers and 53% were regular and/or excessive drinkers.
The BMI distribution was shifted towards low values, the percentage of wasted persons being four times higher than in the reference population. The mean total energy intake was 2376 kcal and included a high and highly variable percentage of energy derived from alcohol (12.0% Among drinkers, the mean ethanol intake was 90 g and there was a significant negative correlation between ethanol and non-alcoholic energy intakes. The median intakes of potassium, calcium, zinc, vitamins B1, B2, and niacin were lower than European Population Reference Intakes but only the mean intake of vitamin B1 was significantly lower. Eighty percent of non-alcoholic energy was provided by charitable organisations. For most nutrients, the nutritional density of the shelter ration was not significantly different from the density of the foods purchased by the homeless.
These data suggest that the content of some nutrients should be increased in existing food assistance programs for homeless people in France.
评估无家可归男性的饮食摄入量和营养状况。
法国巴黎的一个夜间紧急避难所。
进行为期48小时的饮食调查，包括酒精摄入量，并发放一份关于年龄、无家可归时间、吸烟习惯的问卷。同时对受试者进行称重和测量。
97名年龄在18至72岁之间（平均43.3岁）的男性，其中54%无家可归超过18个月，82%为吸烟者，53%为经常和/或过量饮酒者。
体重指数（BMI）分布向低值偏移，消瘦者的比例比参考人群高四倍。平均总能量摄入量为2376千卡，其中来自酒精的能量比例很高且变化很大（饮酒者中为12.0%）。饮酒者的平均乙醇摄入量为90克，乙醇摄入量与非酒精能量摄入量之间存在显著负相关。钾、钙、锌、维生素B1、B2和烟酸的中位数摄入量低于欧洲人群参考摄入量，但只有维生素B1的平均摄入量显著较低。80%的非酒精能量由慈善组织提供。对于大多数营养素，避难所配给食物的营养密度与无家可归者购买食物的密度没有显著差异。
这些数据表明，法国现有的针对无家可归者的食品援助项目应增加某些营养素的含量。
