Gelberg L, Stein J A, Neumann C G
Division of Family Medicine, UCLA 90025-1683, USA.
Public Health Rep. 1995 Jul-Aug;110(4):448-54.
Factors associated with undernutrition were investigated in a broad community-based sample of 457 homeless adults (344 men and 113 women) who were interviewed and examined in a variety of settings during the summer of 1985. Latent variables representing drug use, alcohol use, a stereotyped homeless appearance, mental illness, poor physical health status, and measured variables of age, sex, income, and number of free food sources were used as predictors of undernutrition. Undernutrition was indicated with three anthropometric measures (weight, triceps skinfold, and upper arm muscle area in the lowest 15th percentile) and one observational measure. Thirty-three percent of the sample was undernourished as defined by at least one of the anthropometric measures. Undernutrition was significantly associated with more drug use, fewer free food sources, less income, and male sex. The findings identify persons at risk for undernutrition and suggest programs to alleviate their hunger, including increased funding for food stamps and other income supports, more free food sources such as shelters and souplines, and drug treatment programs.
1985年夏天，在一个广泛的基于社区的样本中，对457名无家可归的成年人（344名男性和113名女性）进行了调查，研究与营养不良相关的因素。这些人在各种场所接受了访谈和检查。代表药物使用、酒精使用、无家可归的刻板形象、精神疾病、身体健康状况不佳的潜在变量，以及年龄、性别、收入和免费食物来源数量的测量变量，被用作营养不良的预测指标。营养不良通过三种人体测量指标（体重、三头肌皮褶厚度和上臂肌肉面积处于最低第15百分位数）和一种观察指标来表示。根据至少一种人体测量指标的定义，33%的样本存在营养不良。营养不良与更多的药物使用、更少的免费食物来源、更低的收入以及男性性别显著相关。研究结果确定了有营养不良风险的人群，并提出了缓解他们饥饿的方案，包括增加对食品券和其他收入支持的资金投入、增加避难所和施粥处等免费食物来源，以及药物治疗项目。
