Roig A, Cayuela M L, Sánchez-Monedero M A
Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, CEBAS CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Waste Manag. 2006;26(9):960-9. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2005.07.024. Epub 2005 Oct 24.
Olive mill wastes represent an important environmental problem in Mediterranean areas where they are generated in huge quantities in short periods of time. Their high phenol, lipid and organic acid concentrations turn them into phytotoxic materials, but these wastes also contain valuable resources such as a large proportion of organic matter and a wide range of nutrients that could be recycled. In this article, recent research studies for the valorisation of olive mill wastes performed by several authors were reviewed: second oil extraction, combustion, gasification, anaerobic digestion, composting and solid fermentation are some of the methods proposed. Special attention was paid to the new solid waste generated during the extraction of olive oil by the two-phase system. The peculiar physicochemical properties of the new solid waste, called two-phase olive mill waste, caused specific management problems in the olive mills that have led to the adaptation and transformation of the traditional valorisation strategies. The selection of the most suitable or appropriate valorisation strategy will depend on the social, agricultural or industrial environment of the olive mill. Although some methods are strongly consolidated in this sector, other options, more respectful with the environment, should also be considered.
橄榄榨油厂废弃物是地中海地区一个重要的环境问题，在这些地区，它们会在短时间内大量产生。其高浓度的酚类、脂质和有机酸使其成为具有植物毒性的物质，但这些废弃物也含有宝贵的资源，比如很大比例的有机物和多种可循环利用的养分。本文综述了几位作者近期对橄榄榨油厂废弃物进行增值利用的研究：二次榨油、燃烧、气化、厌氧消化、堆肥和固体发酵是一些提出的方法。特别关注了两相系统提取橄榄油过程中产生的新固体废物。这种被称为两相橄榄榨油厂废弃物的新固体废物独特的物理化学性质，在橄榄榨油厂引发了特定的管理问题，导致了传统增值利用策略的调整和转变。最合适或恰当的增值利用策略的选择将取决于橄榄榨油厂的社会、农业或工业环境。尽管有些方法在该领域已得到大力巩固，但也应考虑其他对环境更友好的选择。
