Impact of capsule endoscopy in obscure small-bowel bleeding: defining strict diagnostic criteria for a favorable outcome.

BACKGROUND

The most frequent indication for capsule endoscopy is to diagnose the cause of obscure GI bleeding. The objective of the study was to determine the impact of capsule endoscopy on the outcome of patients with GI bleeding of obscure origin.

METHODS

Ninety-six patients (53 men, 43 women; mean [standard deviation] age, 60.84 years [16.55 years]) were enrolled in the study. All patients have been subjected to gastroscopy, colonoscopy, small-bowel barium follow-through or enteroclysis, and push enteroscopy; no bleeding site had been identified. Capsule endoscopy was performed with the Given M2A video capsule system. By using strict criteria, studies were classified as having positive findings, findings of uncertain significance, and no findings. Outcome was defined as continued or complete resolution of bleeding.

RESULTS

Positive findings, findings of uncertain significance, and no findings were identified in 41.7%, 20.8%, and 37.5% of our study population, respectively. The most common lesions seen were angiodysplasias of the small intestine. Therapeutic intervention was possible in 82.5% of patients with positive findings and in 35.0% of patients with findings of uncertain significance. Complete resolution of bleeding, after a median (interquartile range) follow-up period of 14 months (9-17 months), occurred significantly more often in patients with positive findings (68.4%) compared with patients with findings of uncertain significance and no findings (40.8%, p = 0.009).

CONCLUSIONS

Capsule endoscopy increases the diagnostic yield in the workup of patients with obscure small-bowel bleeding. Strictly defined positive findings are associated with a favorable outcome.