MacLeod Malcolm D, Saunders Jo
Social and Applied Cognition Lab, School of Psychology, University of St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2005 Sep;31(5):964-79. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.31.5.964.
Recent research has indicated a link between retrieval-induced forgetting and the production of misinformation effects (J. Saunders & M. D. MacLeod, 2002). The mechanism underlying this relationship, however, remains unclear. In an attempt to clarify this issue, the authors presented 150 participants with misinformation under conditions designed to promote the activation of inhibitory control during the retrieval of information about a target event. A modified retrieval practice paradigm that used the independent probe method pioneered by M. C. Anderson and B. A. Spellman (1995) revealed that misinformation effects emerged only where misinformation had been introduced about items that had been subject to 1st-order, 2nd-order, or cross-category inhibition. By contrast, misinformation effects failed to emerge where inhibitory processing had not been activated. These findings are discussed in terms of inhibitory control, memory malleability, and their implications for the interviewing of eyewitnesses.
近期研究表明，提取诱发遗忘与错误信息效应的产生之间存在联系（J. 桑德斯和M. D. 麦克劳德，2002年）。然而，这种关系背后的机制仍不明确。为了阐明这一问题，作者让150名参与者在旨在促进抑制控制激活的条件下接触错误信息，这些条件是在检索关于目标事件的信息时设定的。一种使用了由M. C. 安德森和B. A. 斯佩尔曼（1995年）首创的独立探测法的改良提取练习范式表明，错误信息效应仅在对经历过一阶、二阶或跨类别抑制的项目引入错误信息时才会出现。相比之下，在未激活抑制性加工的情况下，错误信息效应并未出现。本文从抑制控制、记忆可塑性及其对目击证人询问的影响等方面对这些发现进行了讨论。
