Saunders Jo
Psychology Department, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales.
Mem Cognit. 2009 Apr;37(3):326-35. doi: 10.3758/MC.37.3.326.
Two experiments are reported in which postevent source of misinformation was manipulated within weapon-present and weapon-absent scenarios. Participants viewed slides depicting either a weapon or a newspaper event and then received either incomplete questioning or a narrative. Both postevent sources contained misleading information about a central and peripheral detail concerning either the weapon or the newspaper scenario. With a modified test in Experiment 1, questioning was found to increase misinformation effects concerning the central item, as compared with a narrative, and more misinformation effects were found for the weapon-peripheral than for the newspaper-peripheral item. In Experiment 2, the participants were more likely to claim to have seen contradictory and additive misinformation about the central item in the slides following questioning, and more contradictory and additive misinformation effects occurred for the weapon-peripheral than for the newspaper-peripheral item. The findings are considered in terms of the effects of both postevent and encoding factors on memory.
本文报告了两项实验，其中在有武器和无武器场景中对事件后错误信息的来源进行了操纵。参与者观看描绘武器或报纸事件的幻灯片，然后接受不完整提问或一段叙述。两个事件后来源都包含关于武器或报纸场景的核心和周边细节的误导性信息。在实验1中，通过修改测试发现，与一段叙述相比，提问会增加关于核心项目的错误信息效应，并且武器周边项目比报纸周边项目出现更多的错误信息效应。在实验2中，参与者在接受提问后更有可能声称在幻灯片中看到了关于核心项目的矛盾和累加错误信息，并且武器周边项目比报纸周边项目出现更多的矛盾和累加错误信息效应。从事件后和编码因素对记忆的影响方面对这些发现进行了考量。
