Spitzer Bernhard, Bäuml Karl-Heinz
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2007 Sep;33(5):863-75. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.33.5.863.
Retrieving a subset of previously studied material can impair later recognition of related items. Using the remember-know procedure (Experiment 1) and the receiver operating characteristic procedure (Experiment 2), the authors examined how such retrieval-induced forgetting can be explained in terms of single-process and dual-process accounts of recognition memory. Consistent across the 2 experiments, dual-process analysis suggested that retrieval practice reduces unpracticed items' familiarity but leaves their recollection largely unaffected, a finding that disagrees with prior work that points to recollective deficits in the forgotten items. Assuming that recognition is entirely based on a single source of memorial information, single-process analysis led to an excellent description of the data and suggested that retrieval practice reduces unpracticed items' general memory strength. This suggestion is consistent with prior work on free recall, cued recall, associative recognition, and response latencies and agrees with the inhibitory account of retrieval-induced forgetting. The authors argue that retrieval-induced forgetting in item recognition is caused by a reduction in general memory strength.
提取先前学习材料的一个子集可能会损害对相关项目的后续识别。作者使用记住-知道程序（实验1）和接受者操作特征程序（实验2），研究了如何根据识别记忆的单过程和双过程理论来解释这种提取诱发遗忘。在这两个实验中一致的是，双过程分析表明，提取练习会降低未练习项目的熟悉度，但对它们的回忆基本没有影响，这一发现与先前指出被遗忘项目存在回忆缺陷的研究结果不同。假设识别完全基于单一的记忆信息来源，单过程分析对数据进行了出色的描述，并表明提取练习会降低未练习项目的总体记忆强度。这一观点与先前关于自由回忆、线索回忆、联想识别和反应潜伏期的研究一致，并且与提取诱发遗忘的抑制理论相符。作者认为，项目识别中的提取诱发遗忘是由总体记忆强度的降低引起的。
