Pérez-Ruzafa A, García-Charton J A, Barcala E, Marcos C
Departamento de Ecología e Hidrología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2006;53(1-4):107-20. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.09.014. Epub 2005 Oct 25.
The benthic fish assemblage of the Mar Menor consisted of 37 species. Dominant species are: Gobius cobitis, Lipophrys pavo and Tripterygion tripteronotus on infralittoral rocks; Pomatoschistus marmoratus, Callionymus pussillus, Callionymus risso and Solea vulgaris on sandy bottoms and Gobius niger, Syngnathus abaster, Hippocampus ramulosus and Symphodus cinereus on Cymodocea nodosa-Caulerpa prolifera mixed beds. From 1985 to 1989 tourist development has led to the creation of new beaches and the installation of artificial rocky structures for retaining sediments. Dredging for the extraction of sand and subsequent pumping altered sediment characteristics causing a real stress leading to the substitution of typical sandy bottoms communities with Cymodocea nodosa by Caulerpa prolifera communities on mud. Soft bottom fish assemblages responded to changes in vegetation cover and substratum characteristics mainly changing the species composition, while artificial hard substrata contain a similar fish community than natural ones, harbouring even richer and more diverse assemblages. This positive effect of breakwaters should not obscure their likely negative effects on hydrodynamics and the subsequent changes of sediment quality and vegetation cover on the breakwaters' area of influence.
马尔梅诺尔湾的底栖鱼类群落由37个物种组成。优势物种有：潮下带岩石上的短吻背眼虾虎鱼、孔雀鱼和三鳍鳚；沙质海底的斑纹沙鳢、小Callionymus pussillus、里氏Callionymus risso和普通鳎；以及在海神草-刺叶钙藻混合床中的黑虾虎鱼、灰海龙、多枝海马和灰鳍钝塘鳢。从1985年到1989年，旅游业的发展导致了新海滩的形成以及用于截留沉积物的人工岩石结构的安装。采砂疏浚及随后的抽沙改变了沉积物特征，造成了实际压力，导致典型的沙质海底群落被泥质上的刺叶钙藻群落取代，取代了海神草群落。软底鱼类群落对植被覆盖和底质特征的变化做出反应，主要是改变物种组成，而人工硬底质包含的鱼类群落与自然群落相似，甚至拥有更丰富和多样的组合。防波堤的这种积极影响不应掩盖它们可能对水动力以及防波堤影响区域内沉积物质量和植被覆盖随后变化产生的负面影响。
