Hamajima I
Sapporo City Shiroishi Health Center, Japan.
Kekkaku. 1992 Jun;67(6):433-9.
We studied familial attacks of pulmonary tuberculosis in Sapporo City from 1987 to 1990. There were 146 sources of infection. Two hundred twenty three were infected secondly. Chemotherapy was given to the 75 out of 223 patients. Chemoprophylaxis was given to the total of 148 children. The average ages of the sources, those who were infected secondly and those who had given chemoprophylaxis were 44.8, 32.2 and 7.7 years of age respectively. The ratio of male vs female was 1:0.4 among the sources. The main routes of transmission of this disease were from husbands to wives, from fathers to children, and from grandfathers to grandchildren. The patients who did not have health examination in the preceding one year of their present diagnoses had more severe state of disease as well as higher Gaffky degrees and were treated for more than one year. The infectious patients accounted for more than 50% of the active pulmonary tuberculosis in Sapporo City in 1990. Tuberculin skin test has been performed in almost cases of family examination and the period of chemoprophylaxis has been standardized along the guideline for the chemoprophylaxis by Japan Tuberculosis Association and the Ministry of Health and Welfare. Family and relatives of the patient who expectorates tuberculosis bacilli should take at least one examination annually. Younger people should take it more frequently and chemoprophylaxis should be given to the child whose reaction of Tuberculin skin test is strongly positive.
我们研究了1987年至1990年期间札幌市肺结核的家族性发病情况。共有146个传染源。223人被二次感染。对223名患者中的75人进行了化疗。对总共148名儿童进行了化学预防。传染源、二次感染者以及接受化学预防者的平均年龄分别为44.8岁、32.2岁和7.7岁。传染源中男性与女性的比例为1:0.4。该疾病的主要传播途径是从丈夫到妻子、从父亲到孩子以及从祖父到孙辈。在目前确诊前一年未进行健康检查的患者，病情更严重，加夫基菌度更高，且接受治疗超过一年。1990年，札幌市活动性肺结核中传染性患者占比超过50%。几乎所有家庭检查病例都进行了结核菌素皮肤试验，化学预防的期限已按照日本结核病协会和厚生省的化学预防指南进行了标准化。咳出结核杆菌患者的家人和亲属应每年至少进行一次检查。年轻人应更频繁地进行检查，对结核菌素皮肤试验反应呈强阳性的儿童应给予化学预防。
