Buizza Chiara, Pioli Rosaria, Ponteri Marco, Vittorielli Michela, Corradi Angela, Minicuci Nadia, Rossi Giuseppe
IRCCS, Centro S Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc. 2005 Jul-Sep;14(3):154-62. doi: 10.1017/s1121189x00006400.
To assess the association between socio-demographic characteristics and community attitudes towards mentally ill people.
We assessed a sample of 280 subjects, stratified for sex and age, which has identified using the electoral registers of Brescia. A letter was sent to everyone in order to introduce the future potential study participant to the topics of the public attitudes towards mental illness and it included an invitation to take part in the study. After, 280 subjects were contacted by telephone. Finally, 174 persons, who expressed their willingness to collaborate, were visited by a team of four trained interviewers. The instruments used were: a semi-structured interview; the Community Attitudes to the Mentally Ill (CAMI) inventory, which is composed by 40 statements, concerning the degree of acceptance of mental health services and mentally ill patients in the community; and the Fear and Behavioural Intentions (FABI) inventory, which is composed by 10 items, concerning fears and behavioural intentions towards mentally ill people. 106 subjects refused to participate.
Factor analysis of the CAMI revealed three components Physical distance and fear, Social isolation and Social responsibility and tolerance. Factor 1 is associated with: people >61 years old; people being divorced/widowed/living separated; people who haven't participated in social or volunteer activities. Factor 2 is associated with: people > 41 years old; people being schooled at a level that's higher than elementary level; unemployed people. Factor 3 doesn't present any associations.
The results of this study outline the need to: a) promote interventions focused to improve the general attitude towards people with mental illness; b) to favour specific actions in order to prevent or eliminate prejudices in subgroups of the population.
评估社会人口学特征与社区对精神疾病患者态度之间的关联。
我们评估了280名按性别和年龄分层的受试者样本，这些受试者是通过布雷西亚的选举登记册确定的。我们给每个人都发了一封信，以便向未来可能的研究参与者介绍公众对精神疾病态度的相关主题，并邀请他们参与研究。之后，通过电话联系了280名受试者。最后，由四名经过培训的访谈员组成的团队拜访了174名表示愿意合作的人。所使用的工具包括：一次半结构化访谈；《社区对精神疾病患者的态度》（CAMI）量表，该量表由40条陈述组成，涉及社区对精神卫生服务和精神疾病患者的接受程度；以及《恐惧与行为意图》（FABI）量表，该量表由10个项目组成，涉及对精神疾病患者的恐惧和行为意图。106名受试者拒绝参与。
对CAMI的因子分析揭示了三个成分：身体距离与恐惧、社会隔离以及社会责任与宽容。因子1与以下因素相关：61岁以上的人；离婚/丧偶/分居的人；未参加过社会或志愿活动的人。因子2与以下因素相关：41岁以上的人；受过高于小学水平教育的人；失业者。因子3未呈现任何关联。
本研究结果表明有必要：a）推动旨在改善对精神疾病患者总体态度的干预措施；b）支持采取具体行动以预防或消除人群亚组中的偏见。
