Fletcher A, McCulloch K, Baulk S D, Dawson D
Centre for Sleep Research, University of South Australia.
Aust N Z J Public Health. 2005 Oct;29(5):471-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-842x.2005.tb00229.x.
Driver fatigue accounts for 10-40% of road crashes and is a critical area for public health. As other major road safety issues are more successfully managed, driver fatigue becomes proportionately more important. Both public awareness and legal developments have been slow to reach the same levels as for other road safety risks. The aim of this article is to review countermeasures for non-commercial drivers that are designed to reduce the likelihood of fatigue-related crashes through education and legislation.
This review outlines information from a wide variety of sources including governments, road safety groups and the scientific literature. Educational and legislative approaches are discussed in terms of both their effectiveness and the associated implications for public health.
Areas for improvement in education include personalising the risk to drivers and developing simple metrics for the self-assessment of fatigue. Legal implications should be more clearly defined and specific laws are needed to more effectively prosecute fatigued drivers who cause crashes. Additional research is needed to further investigate the efficacy of available countermeasures.
Increasingly, road traffic injury is being discussed more broadly as a public health issue. However, the specific issue of driver fatigue still receives less attention than other main causes of road crashes, despite making a significant and comparable contribution to crash rates. Countries such as Australia and New Zealand have a responsibility to counter driver fatigue, as well as other causes of road crashes, and to further pursue improvements for the benefit of public health.
驾驶员疲劳导致10%-40%的道路交通事故，是公共卫生的一个关键领域。随着其他主要道路安全问题得到更有效的管理，驾驶员疲劳问题相应地变得更加重要。公众意识和法律进展在达到与其他道路安全风险相同的水平方面一直较为缓慢。本文旨在综述针对非商业驾驶员的对策，这些对策旨在通过教育和立法降低与疲劳相关的撞车事故的可能性。
本综述概述了来自包括政府、道路安全组织和科学文献在内的各种来源的信息。从教育和立法方法的有效性及其对公共卫生的相关影响方面进行了讨论。
教育方面需要改进的领域包括使驾驶员风险个性化以及制定简单的疲劳自我评估指标。法律影响应更明确地界定，需要制定具体法律以更有效地起诉造成撞车事故的疲劳驾驶员。需要进一步开展研究以进一步调查现有对策的有效性。
道路交通伤害越来越多地被更广泛地作为一个公共卫生问题进行讨论。然而，驾驶员疲劳这一具体问题与道路撞车事故的其他主要原因相比，仍然受到较少关注，尽管它对撞车率的贡献显著且相当。澳大利亚和新西兰等国家有责任应对驾驶员疲劳以及道路撞车事故的其他原因，并进一步追求改善以造福公众健康。
