Salgado de Snyder V Nelly, González-Vázquez Tonatiuh T, Jáuregui-Ortiz Berenice, Bonilla-Fernández Pastor
Centro de Investigación en Sistemas de Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
Salud Publica Mex. 2005 Jul-Aug;47(4):294-302.
To analyze the social factors associated with the health status of elderly men, 60 years and older, who live in poverty in the rural areas of Mexico.
A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted between February and October 2002, in a convenience sample of 392 elderly men residing in rural areas of the states of Guerrero, Morelos and Jalisco states. A validated questionnaire was applied to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, general wellbeing, health problems, food consumption, and some indicators of mental health, personal strength and social support. Data analysis was performed with the SPSS v. 11. software, to obtain chi-squared tests; food intake measures were analized with one-way ANOVA.
Study subjects were married or were widowers and had six children on average. A higher proportion of the elderly men of Morelos state reported to have suffered more illnesses and a higher consumption of alcohol when compared to the other two state groups. Sixty percent of the men in the study used both home remedies and medication for their health problems. More than one half of them did not receive adequate social support from their families.
The results of this study suggest that the process of ageing among rural elderly men is perceived as a burden, mainly because of the context of poverty in which they live. The lack of appropriate income and access to health services through adequate pension and retirement plans for the elderly poor is a problem that requires immediate attention.
分析墨西哥农村地区60岁及以上贫困老年男性健康状况的相关社会因素。
2002年2月至10月进行了一项横断面描述性研究，对格雷罗州、莫雷洛斯州和哈利斯科州农村地区的392名老年男性进行便利抽样。应用经过验证的问卷收集社会人口学特征、总体幸福感、健康问题、食物消费以及一些心理健康、个人力量和社会支持指标的数据。使用SPSS v. 11软件进行数据分析，以获得卡方检验结果；采用单因素方差分析对食物摄入量进行分析。
研究对象已婚或丧偶，平均育有六个子女。与其他两个州的老年男性相比，莫雷洛斯州的老年男性中报告患有更多疾病和饮酒量更高的比例更高。研究中的男性有60%在健康问题上同时使用家庭疗法和药物。超过一半的人没有从家人那里得到足够的社会支持。
本研究结果表明，农村老年男性的老龄化过程被视为一种负担，主要是因为他们生活在贫困环境中。缺乏适当收入以及贫困老年人无法通过适当的养老金和退休计划获得医疗服务是一个需要立即关注的问题。
