Fields Lanny, Fitzer Adrienne, Shamoun Kimberly, Matneja Priya, Watanabe Mari, Tittelbach Danielle
Department of Psychology, Queens College, CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, USA.
J Exp Anal Behav. 2005 Sep;84(2):243-67. doi: 10.1901/jeab.2005.45-03.
After training conditional discriminations among selected stimuli from two perceptual classes, the emergence of novel relations involving other members of both classes was assessed using cross-class probes. The cross-class probes were presented using one of four different testing schedules. In the 2/9 test, nine different probes were presented in each of two test blocks. In the 6/3 test, three different probes were presented in each of six test blocks. In the 18/1-RND test, each of the 18 cross-class probes was presented in separate test blocks. In the 2/9 and 6/3 tests, the cross-class probes were presented in a randomized order within test block. In the 18/1-RND test, the cross-class probes were presented in a randomized sequence. In the 18/1-PRGM test, however, the cross-class probes were presented in a programmed order (i.e., the values of the stimuli in each cross-class probe were changed systematically in the succession of probe presentations). About 55% of the linked perceptual classes emerged during the 2/9, 6/3, and 18/1-RND tests. Thus the number of different probes in a test block did not influence the emergence of classes as long as the probes were presented in a random order. Virtually all classes emerged during the 18/1-PRGM test. Thus at least one ordered introduction of different cross probes resulted in the reliable emergence of linked perceptual classes. Mechanisms responsible for linked perceptual class formation are discussed along with the relation of these classes to other complex categories.
在对来自两个感知类别的选定刺激进行条件辨别训练后,使用跨类别探测来评估涉及两个类别的其他成员的新关系的出现。跨类别探测采用四种不同测试安排之一呈现。在2/9测试中,在两个测试块中的每一个中呈现九个不同的探测。在6/3测试中,在六个测试块中的每一个中呈现三个不同的探测。在18/1-RND测试中,18个跨类别探测中的每一个在单独的测试块中呈现。在2/9和6/3测试中,跨类别探测在测试块内以随机顺序呈现。在18/1-RND测试中,跨类别探测以随机序列呈现。然而,在18/1-PRGM测试中,跨类别探测按程序顺序呈现(即,在连续的探测呈现中,每个跨类别探测中刺激的值系统地变化)。在2/9、6/3和18/1-RND测试中,约55%的相关感知类别出现。因此,只要探测以随机顺序呈现,测试块中不同探测的数量不会影响类别的出现。几乎所有类别在18/1-PRGM测试中出现。因此,至少一种不同跨探测的有序引入导致了相关感知类别的可靠出现。本文讨论了负责相关感知类别形成的机制以及这些类别与其他复杂类别的关系。