Johnson Kareem J, Fredrickson Barbara L
University of Michigan, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2005 Nov;16(11):875-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01631.x.
Extrapolating from the broaden-and-build theory, we hypothesized that positive emotion may reduce the own-race bias in facial recognition. In Experiments 1 and 2, Caucasian participants (N = 89) viewed Black and White faces for a recognition task. They viewed videos eliciting joy, fear, or neutrality before the learning (Experiment 1) or testing (Experiment 2) stages of the task. Results reliably supported the hypothesis. Relative to fear or a neutral state, joy experienced before either stage improved recognition of Black faces and significantly reduced the own-race bias. Discussion centers on possible mechanisms for this reduction of the own-race bias, including improvements in holistic processing and promotion of a common in-group identity due to positive emotions.
根据拓展与建构理论进行推断,我们假设积极情绪可能会减少面部识别中的同种族偏见。在实验1和实验2中,白人参与者(N = 89)观看黑人和白人的面孔以进行识别任务。他们在任务的学习阶段(实验1)或测试阶段(实验2)之前观看引发喜悦、恐惧或中性情绪的视频。结果可靠地支持了这一假设。相对于恐惧或中性状态,在任一阶段之前体验到的喜悦都提高了对黑人面孔的识别,并显著减少了同种族偏见。讨论集中在减少同种族偏见的可能机制上,包括整体加工的改善以及由于积极情绪促进了共同的内群体身份认同。