Scoggins Charles R, Chagpar Anees B, Martin Robert C G, McMasters Kelly M
Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
Nat Clin Pract Oncol. 2005 Sep;2(9):448-55. doi: 10.1038/ncponc0293.
The sentinel lymph node (SLN) is the lymph node that represents the 'gate-keeper' of the lymphatic basin; it is the first node to receive lymphatic drainage from the site of the primary tumor. SLN biopsy is a staging procedure and should be considered as such; it is not meant to be a therapeutic operation. The SLN can be mapped and biopsied using tracer agents (e.g. radiolabelled colloid and/or vital blue dye), which are injected around the primary tumor site. Pathologic analysis of the SLN using a combination of serial sectioning of the node, standard hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry decreases the false-negative rate compared with traditional nodal processing. SLN biopsy is associated with lower morbidity than full lymphadenectomy. The SLN technique accurately reflects the metastatic status of the regional lymph-node basin; recurrent nodal disease in the mapped basin is rare following a tumor-free SLN biopsy result. The objectives of this review are to provide a current and concise overview of the current literature on SLN biopsy and describe its role in clinical oncology.
前哨淋巴结（SLN）是代表淋巴引流区域“守门人”的淋巴结；它是第一个接收来自原发肿瘤部位淋巴引流的淋巴结。前哨淋巴结活检是一种分期程序，应如此看待；它并非旨在作为一种治疗性手术。可以使用示踪剂（例如放射性标记胶体和/或活性蓝色染料）对前哨淋巴结进行定位和活检，这些示踪剂注射在原发肿瘤部位周围。与传统的淋巴结处理方法相比，采用淋巴结连续切片、标准苏木精和伊红染色以及免疫组织化学相结合的方法对前哨淋巴结进行病理分析可降低假阴性率。前哨淋巴结活检的发病率低于全淋巴结切除术。前哨淋巴结技术准确反映区域淋巴结引流区域的转移状态；在前哨淋巴结活检结果为无肿瘤的情况下，在已定位的引流区域出现复发性淋巴结疾病的情况很少见。本综述的目的是对当前关于前哨淋巴结活检的文献提供最新且简明的概述，并描述其在临床肿瘤学中的作用。
