Cui Wei, Ma Chang-Xing, Tang Yiwei, Chang Vivian, Rao P V, Ariet Mario, Resnick Michael B, Roth Jeffrey
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32610-0296, USA.
Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2005 Nov;73(11):876-80. doi: 10.1002/bdra.20196.
Sex differences in structural birth defects are often confounded by environmental risk factors. Opposite-sex twins provide a unique model for detecting sex differences in birth defects while maximally controlling environmental risk factors in a natural setting.
Population data from the Florida Birth Defects Registry were analyzed. A total of 4,768 pairs of twins who were discordant for sex and born between 1996 and 2001 were analyzed. The McNemar test was used to compare the differences between a male twin and his twin sister for the risk of developing specific defects and organ-system defects.
Of 4,768 twin pairs, 225 males (4.72%) and 175 females (3.67%) had birth defects. Among opposite-sex twin pairs, males had a 29% higher risk for birth defects than their twin sisters. Compared to their twin sisters, males had a 5.4 times higher risk for pyloric stenosis and a 2.4 times higher risk for obstructive genitourinary defect, but only one-tenth the risk for congenital hip dislocation.
Sex differences in birth defects exist between opposite-sex twins.
结构性出生缺陷中的性别差异常被环境风险因素所混淆。异性双胞胎为检测出生缺陷中的性别差异提供了一个独特模型，同时能在自然环境中最大程度地控制环境风险因素。
对佛罗里达出生缺陷登记处的人口数据进行分析。共分析了1996年至2001年间出生的4768对性别不一致的双胞胎。采用McNemar检验比较男性双胞胎与其双胞胎姐妹在发生特定缺陷和器官系统缺陷风险上的差异。
在4768对双胞胎中，225名男性（4.72%）和175名女性（3.67%）有出生缺陷。在异性双胞胎对中，男性出生缺陷的风险比其双胞胎姐妹高29%。与双胞胎姐妹相比，男性患幽门狭窄的风险高5.4倍，患梗阻性泌尿生殖系统缺陷的风险高2.4倍，但患先天性髋关节脱位的风险仅为其十分之一。
异性双胞胎之间存在出生缺陷的性别差异。
