Kheifets Leeka, Sahl Jack D, Shimkhada Riti, Repacholi Mike H
Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA.
Risk Anal. 2005 Aug;25(4):927-35. doi: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2005.00635.x.
There has been considerable scientific effort to understand the potential link between exposures to power-frequency electric and magnetic fields (EMF) and the occurrence of cancer and other diseases. The combination of widespread exposures, established biological effects from acute, high-level exposures, and the possibility of leukemia in children from low-level, chronic exposures has made it both necessary and difficult to develop consistent public health policies. In this article we review the basis of both numeric standards and precautionary-based approaches. While we believe that policies regarding EMF should indeed be precautionary, this does not require or imply adoption of numeric exposure standards. We argue that cutpoints from epidemiologic studies, which are arbitrarily chosen, should not be used as the basis for making exposure limits due to a number of uncertainties. Establishment of arbitrary numeric exposure limits undermines the value of both the science-based numeric EMF exposure standards for acute exposures and precautionary approaches. The World Health Organization's draft Precautionary Framework provides guidance for establishing appropriate public health policies for power-frequency EMF.
为了解工频电场和磁场（EMF）暴露与癌症及其他疾病发生之间的潜在联系，人们进行了大量科学研究。广泛的暴露、急性高剂量暴露所产生的已确定的生物学效应，以及低剂量慢性暴露导致儿童患白血病的可能性，这些因素共同使得制定一致的公共卫生政策既必要又困难。在本文中，我们回顾了数值标准和基于预防的方法的依据。虽然我们认为关于EMF的政策确实应该是预防性的，但这并不要求或意味着采用数值暴露标准。我们认为，由于存在诸多不确定性，流行病学研究中任意选定的切点不应被用作制定暴露限值的依据。设定任意的数值暴露限值会损害基于科学的急性暴露EMF数值暴露标准和预防方法的价值。世界卫生组织的《预防框架》草案为制定适用于工频EMF的公共卫生政策提供了指导。
