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在人类中,平滑追踪而非视觉信号介导了颈眼反射的短期适应性。

Smooth pursuit rather than visual signals mediate short-term adaptation of the cervico-ocular reflex in humans.

作者信息

Mandellos D, Anastasopoulos D, Becker W

机构信息

Department of Physiology, School of Nursing, University of Athens, 8 Tetrapoleos str Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.

出版信息

Exp Brain Res. 2006 Feb;169(2):153-61. doi: 10.1007/s00221-005-0134-7. Epub 2005 Nov 5.

Abstract

Cervical stimulation in the horizontal plane induces small and variable eye movements in normal human adults [cervico-ocular reflex (COR)]. In patients with bilateral vestibular loss, the slow COR component increases in amplitude and is thought to contribute to gaze stabilization during head movements, as it is directed opposite to head-on-trunk excursions. The procedures underlying COR slow phase gain enhancement in the compensatory direction remain unclear. We studied the horizontal COR during passive trunk oscillations of +/-16 degrees under the stationary head at 0.1 Hz in ten normal subjects, aged 24-30 years, before and immediately after the application of an adaptation procedure engaging various combinations of sinusoidal neck-proprioceptive, pursuit and retinal slip signals. The duration of this adaptation period was 40 min. A significant gain increase and phase modulation in the compensatory direction were observed in four out of eight subjects after exposing them to neck-proprioceptive stimulation, while pursuing a spot moving in-phase with their trunk. In contrast, staring at the rotating optokinetic pattern or fixating at a stationary spot, while being subjected to combined cervical and optokinetic stimulation, failed to result in any significant modification of the subjects' COR gain and phase. Conceivably, the contribution of the pursuit system was greatly reduced in the paradigm using optokinetic stimulation, while full engagement of retinal slip signals, in the absence of any pursuit contribution, was obtained in the latter adaptation paradigm. These results indicate that motor responses of target tracking rather than simply sensory signals of retinal slip may represent the 'error signal' modifying the COR in humans.

摘要

在水平面内刺激颈部会在正常成年人中诱发微小且多变的眼球运动[颈眼反射(COR)]。在双侧前庭丧失的患者中,COR的慢相成分振幅增大,并且被认为在头部运动期间有助于注视稳定,因为它的方向与头部相对于躯干的偏移方向相反。COR慢相增益在代偿方向增强的潜在机制仍不清楚。我们在10名年龄在24至30岁的正常受试者中,于头部静止状态下,以0.1赫兹的频率对其躯干进行±16度的被动摆动时,研究了水平COR。在应用一种涉及正弦颈部本体感觉、追踪和视网膜滑动信号各种组合的适应程序之前和之后立即进行了此项研究。该适应期持续40分钟。在八名受试者中的四名在接受颈部本体感觉刺激并追踪与他们躯干同相移动的点之后,观察到在代偿方向上有显著的增益增加和相位调制。相比之下,当受试者接受颈部和视动刺激组合时,盯着旋转的视动模式或注视固定点,未能导致受试者的COR增益和相位有任何显著改变。可以想象,在使用视动刺激的范式中,追踪系统的贡献大大降低,而在后者的适应范式中,在没有任何追踪贡献的情况下,视网膜滑动信号完全参与其中。这些结果表明,目标追踪运动反应而非简单的视网膜滑动感觉信号可能代表了在人类中改变COR的“误差信号”。

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