Myer Gregory D, Ford Kevin R, McLean Scott G, Hewett Timothy E
Cincinnati Children's Hospital, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 10001, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 2006 Mar;34(3):445-55. doi: 10.1177/0363546505281241. Epub 2005 Nov 10.
Neuromuscular training that includes both plyometric and dynamic stabilization/balance exercises alters movement biomechanics and reduces ACL injury risk in female athletes. The biomechanical effects of plyometric and balance training utilized separately are unknown.
A protocol that includes balance training without plyometric training will decrease coronal plane hip, knee, and ankle motions during landing, and plyometric training will not affect coronal plane measures. The corollary hypothesis was that plyometric and balance training effects on knee flexion are dependent on the movement task tested.
Controlled laboratory study.
Eighteen high school female athletes participated in 18 training sessions during a 7-week period. The plyometric group (n = 8) performed maximum-effort jumping and cutting exercises, and the balance group (n = 10) used dynamic stabilization/ balance exercises during training. Lower extremity kinematics were measured during the drop vertical jump and the medial drop landing before and after training using 3D motion analysis techniques.
During the drop vertical jump, both plyometric and balance training reduced initial contact (P = .002), maximum hip adduction angle (P = .015), and maximum ankle eversion angle (P = .020). During the medial drop landing, both groups decreased initial contact (P = .002) and maximum knee abduction angle (P = .038). Plyometric training increased initial contact knee flexion (P = .047) and maximum knee flexion (P = .031) during the drop vertical jump, whereas the balance training increased maximum knee flexion (P = .005) during the medial drop landing.
Both plyometric and balance training can reduce lower extremity valgus measures. Plyometric training affects sagittal plane kinematics primarily during a drop vertical jump, whereas balance training affects sagittal plane kinematics during single-legged drop landing.
Both plyometric and dynamic stabilization/balance exercises should be included in injury-prevention protocols.
包括增强式训练和动态稳定/平衡练习的神经肌肉训练可改变运动生物力学，并降低女性运动员前交叉韧带损伤风险。单独使用增强式训练和平衡训练的生物力学效果尚不清楚。
包含平衡训练但无增强式训练的方案将减少落地时冠状面的髋、膝和踝关节运动，而增强式训练不会影响冠状面测量值。相应的假设是增强式训练和平衡训练对膝关节屈曲的影响取决于所测试的运动任务。
对照实验室研究。
18名高中女运动员在7周内参加了18次训练课程。增强式训练组（n = 8）进行最大强度的跳跃和切入练习，平衡训练组（n = 10）在训练期间使用动态稳定/平衡练习。使用3D运动分析技术在训练前后的垂直下落跳和内侧下落着地过程中测量下肢运动学指标。
在垂直下落跳过程中，增强式训练和平衡训练均减少了初始接触（P = .002）、最大髋内收角度（P = .015）和最大踝外翻角度（P = .020）。在内侧下落着地过程中，两组均减少了初始接触（P = .002）和最大膝外展角度（P = .038）。增强式训练增加了垂直下落跳过程中的初始接触膝关节屈曲（P = .047）和最大膝关节屈曲（P = .031），而平衡训练增加了内侧下落着地过程中的最大膝关节屈曲（P = .005）。
增强式训练和平衡训练均可减少下肢外翻测量值。增强式训练主要在垂直下落跳过程中影响矢状面运动学，而平衡训练在单腿下落着地过程中影响矢状面运动学。
增强式训练和动态稳定/平衡练习均应纳入预防损伤方案。
