Miah Andy
University of Paisley, Paisley, Scotland, UK.
Med Etika Bioet. 2002;9(3-4):2-6.
This paper begins by acknowledging the interest taken by various international organisations in genetic enhancement and sport, including the US President's Council on Bioethics (July, 2002) and the World Anti-Doping Agency (March, 2002). It is noticed how sporting organisations have been particularly concerned to emphasize the 'threat' of genetics to sport, whereas other institutions have recognised the broader bioethical issues arising from this prospect, which do not readily reject the use of genetic technology in sport. Sports are identified as necessarily 'human' and 'moral' practices, the exploration of which can reveal greater insight into the intuitive fears about genetic modification. It is argued that anti-doping testing measures and sanctions unacceptably persecute the athlete. While there are substantial reasons to be concerned about the use of genetic modification in sport, the desire for policy ought not diminish the need for ethical research; nor ought such research embody the similar guise of traditional 'anti' doping strategies. Rather, the approach to genetics in sport must be informed more by broader social policies in bioethics and recognition of the greater goods arising from genetic technology.
本文开篇承认了各国际组织对基因增强与体育的关注，包括美国总统生物伦理委员会（2002年7月）和世界反兴奋剂机构（2002年3月）。值得注意的是，体育组织特别关注强调基因对体育的“威胁”，而其他机构则认识到这一前景引发的更广泛的生物伦理问题，这些问题并不轻易拒绝在体育中使用基因技术。体育被视为必然的“人类”和“道德”实践，对其进行探索可以更深入地洞察对基因改造的直观恐惧。有人认为，反兴奋剂检测措施和制裁对运动员的迫害令人无法接受。虽然有充分理由关注在体育中使用基因改造，但制定政策的愿望不应减少伦理研究的必要性；此类研究也不应采用传统“反”兴奋剂策略的类似幌子。相反，体育领域的基因研究方法必须更多地依据生物伦理方面更广泛的社会政策，并认识到基因技术带来的更大益处。
