Jørgensen Even H, Vijayan Mathilakath M, Killie Jan-Eirik A, Aluru Neelakanteswar, Aas-Hansen Øyvind, Maule Alec
Norwegian Institute of Nature Research, The Polar Environmental Center, Tromsø.
J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2006 Jan 8;69(1-2):37-52. doi: 10.1080/15287390500259053.
In a series of environmentally realistic laboratory experiments, toxicokinetics and effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were studied in the Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Winter fasting and emaciation, which are common among Arctic charr living in high latitudes, resulted in a redistribution of the lipophilic PCBs from lipid-storing tissue such as the muscle, to vital organs that must be considered sensitive toward PCB (liver and brain). This redistribution was accompanied by a significant potentiation of the hepatic cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 1A biomarker response, from low activities in October (within those measured in uncontaminated charr) to a high, probably maximum, induction in May. Performance studies demonstrated a clear effect of environmentally realistic PCB levels on endocrine mechanisms, immune function, and seawater preadaptation (smoltification) in charr that had been feed deprived for several months after contamination with Aroclor 1254, whereas a high PCB dose exerted only minor, if any, effects in charr that had been fed after contamination. These results demonstrate that emaciation results in decreased dose-response relationships in fish, and indicate that arctic animals undergoing seasonal cycles of "fattening" and emaciation may be extra sensitive toward persistent, lipophilic organochlorines. Pilot studies on Arctic charr from Bjørnøya Island revealed marked CYP1A biomarker responses and an upregulation of genes involved in cellular homeostatic mechanisms in charr from Lake Ellasjøen (high PCB levels).
在一系列模拟自然环境的实验室实验中，研究了北极红点鲑（Salvelinus alpinus）体内多氯联苯（PCBs）的毒代动力学及影响。冬季禁食和消瘦现象在高纬度地区生活的北极红点鲑中很常见，这导致亲脂性多氯联苯从肌肉等脂质储存组织重新分布到对多氯联苯敏感的重要器官（肝脏和大脑）。这种重新分布伴随着肝脏细胞色素P - 450（CYP）1A生物标志物反应的显著增强，从10月的低活性（在未受污染的红点鲑所测范围内）到5月的高诱导水平，可能达到最大值。性能研究表明，在受Aroclor 1254污染后经过数月饥饿处理的红点鲑中，模拟自然环境的多氯联苯水平对内分泌机制、免疫功能和海水预适应（洄游前期）有明显影响，而高剂量多氯联苯对污染后仍喂食的红点鲑影响较小（若有影响）。这些结果表明，消瘦会导致鱼类剂量 - 反应关系降低，并表明经历“育肥”和消瘦季节性循环的北极动物可能对持久性亲脂性有机氯格外敏感。对来自布伦岛的北极红点鲑的初步研究显示，来自埃拉斯约恩湖（多氯联苯水平高）的红点鲑有明显的CYP1A生物标志物反应以及参与细胞内稳态机制的基因上调。
