Yamanaka Akira, Adachi Miwa, Imai Hiroshi, Uchiyama Terumasa, Inoue Moeko, Islam A T M Fayezul, Kitazawa Chisato, Endo Katsuhiko
Department of Physics, Biology and Informatics, Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan.
Peptides. 2006 Mar;27(3):534-8. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.06.025. Epub 2005 Nov 15.
Diapause pupae of the swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus L. exhibit diapause-green, orange and brownish-orange color polymorphism. Development of orange pupae involves a neuroendocrine factor inducing orange pupa (Orange-Pupa-Inducing Factor, OPIF), which is secreted from the head-thoracic region during late pharate pupal stages, in particular from the ganglia of short-day animals located posteriorly from the second thoracic ganglion2 (TG2). This report describes certain properties of OPIF using bioassays involving ligated abdomens of short-day pharate pupae. Localization of OPIF in the central nervous system of short-day larvae indicated that it was present predominantly in TG2, thoracic ganglion3 (TG3) and abdominal ganglion1 (AG1) complexes. OPIF activity in TG(2,3)-AG1 complexes was over two times higher than in the more posteriorely located ganglia. The developmental profile of OPIF in last instar short-day larvae revealed that OPIF activity in larval ganglia posterior to TG2 became gradually higher as larval growth proceeded, suggesting that OPIF might be accumulated in TG(2,3)-AG(1-7) complexes as larvae prepare for pupal molting. Furthermore, ligated abdomens of short-day larvae developed into pupae of an orange type when a 2% NaCl extract containing OPIF prepared from TG(2,3)-AG(1-7) complexes of long-day larvae was injected into ligated abdomens of short-day pharate pupae, indicating that OPIF is also present in long-day larvae. Additionally, a biochemical investigation using gel filtration chromatography showed that the molecular weight of OPIF was about 10 kDa.
凤蝶Papilio xuthus L.的滞育蛹呈现滞育绿色、橙色和棕橙色的颜色多态性。橙色蛹的发育涉及一种诱导橙色蛹的神经内分泌因子（橙色蛹诱导因子，OPIF），它在蛹发育后期从头部 - 胸部区域分泌，特别是来自短日照动物位于第二胸神经节（TG2）后方的神经节。本报告使用涉及短日照蛹发育阶段结扎腹部的生物测定法描述了OPIF的某些特性。OPIF在短日照幼虫中枢神经系统中的定位表明它主要存在于TG2、胸神经节3（TG3）和腹神经节1（AG1）复合体中。TG(2,3)-AG1复合体中的OPIF活性比位于更后方的神经节中的活性高出两倍以上。末龄短日照幼虫中OPIF的发育情况表明，随着幼虫生长，TG2后方幼虫神经节中的OPIF活性逐渐升高，这表明在幼虫为蛹化做准备时，OPIF可能在TG(2,3)-AG(1 - 7)复合体中积累。此外，当将从长日照幼虫的TG(2,3)-AG(1 - 7)复合体中制备的含OPIF的2% NaCl提取物注射到短日照蛹发育阶段的结扎腹部时，短日照幼虫的结扎腹部发育成橙色类型的蛹，这表明OPIF也存在于长日照幼虫中。另外，使用凝胶过滤色谱法的生化研究表明，OPIF的分子量约为10 kDa。
