Freedson Patty, Pober David, Janz Kathleen F
Department of Exercise Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005 Nov;37(11 Suppl):S523-30. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000185658.28284.ba.
Understanding the determinants of physical activity behavior in children and youths is essential to the design and implementation of intervention studies to increase physical activity. Objective methods to assess physical activity behavior using various types of motion detectors have been recommended as an alternative to self-report for this population because they are not subject to many of the sources of error associated with children's recall required for self-report measures. This paper reviews the calibration of four different accelerometers used most frequently to assess physical activity and sedentary behavior in children. These accelerometers are the ActiGraph, Actical, Actiwatch, and the RT3 Triaxial Research Tracker. Studies are reviewed that describe the regression modeling approaches used to calibrate these devices using directly measured energy expenditure as the criterion. Point estimates of energy expenditure or count ranges corresponding to different activity intensities from several studies are presented. For a given accelerometer, the count cut points defining the boundaries for 3 and 6 METs vary substantially among the studies reviewed even though most studies include walking, running and free-living activities in the testing protocol. Alternative data processing using the raw acceleration signal is recommended as a possible alternative approach where the actual acceleration pattern is used to characterize activity behavior. Important considerations for defining best practices for accelerometer calibration in children and youths are presented.
了解儿童和青少年身体活动行为的决定因素对于设计和实施旨在增加身体活动的干预研究至关重要。由于使用各种类型的运动探测器评估身体活动行为的客观方法不受自我报告测量中与儿童回忆相关的许多误差来源的影响，因此被推荐作为该人群自我报告的替代方法。本文综述了四种最常用于评估儿童身体活动和久坐行为的加速度计的校准情况。这些加速度计分别是ActiGraph、Actical、Actiwatch和RT3三轴研究追踪器。本文回顾了一些研究，这些研究描述了使用直接测量的能量消耗作为标准来校准这些设备的回归建模方法。文中给出了几项研究中与不同活动强度相对应的能量消耗点估计值或计数范围。对于给定的加速度计，尽管大多数研究在测试方案中包括步行、跑步和自由生活活动，但在所综述的研究中，定义3和6代谢当量（METs）界限的计数切点差异很大。建议使用原始加速度信号进行替代数据处理，作为一种可能的替代方法，即使用实际加速度模式来表征活动行为。文中还提出了为儿童和青少年加速度计校准定义最佳实践的重要考虑因素。
