Lin Chih-Chung, Chen Shui-Jen, Huang Kuo-Lin, Hwang Wen-Ing, Chang-Chien Guo-Ping, Lin Wen-Yinn
Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Nei Pu, PingTung 91201, Taiwan.
Environ Sci Technol. 2005 Nov 1;39(21):8113-22. doi: 10.1021/es048182a.
Fine particles emitted from vehicles have adverse health effects because of their sizes and chemical compositions. Therefore, this study attempted to characterize the metals in nano (0.010 < Dp < 0.056 microm), ultrafine (Dp < 0.1 microm), fine (Dp < 2.5 microm), and coarse (2.5 < Dp < 10 microm) particles collected near a busy road using a microorifice uniform deposition impactor (MOUDI) and a Nano-MOUDI. The nano particles were found to contain more of traffic-related metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ba, and Ni) than particles of other sizes, although crustal metals accounted for over 90% of all the particulate metals. Most crustal metals, Ba, Ni, Pb, and Zn in ultrafine particles displayed Aitken modes due to their local origins. The Ag, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sb, V, and Zn were 37, 50, 28, 30, 24, 64, 38, and 22% by mass, respectively, in < 0.1-microm particles, with submicron mass median diameters (MMDs) in PM(0.01-18) (except Zn) (particularly the < 0.1-microm MMDs for Cd and Sb). These levels raise potential health issues. Particle-bound Zn was more abundant in the accumulation mode than in the nucleation/condensation mode, but the opposite was true for Ag, Cd, and Sb. The Ag, Ba, Cd, Pb, Sb, V, and Zn contents in nano particles were strongly associated with diesel fuel, while the Cu, Mn, and Sr in particles < 0.1 microm were more strongly associated with gasoline. The high content of Si in nano particles, more associated with diesel soot than with gasoline exhaust, is another health concern.
车辆排放的细颗粒物因其尺寸和化学成分而对健康产生不利影响。因此，本研究试图利用微孔均匀沉积冲击器（MOUDI）和纳米MOUDI对在繁忙道路附近收集的纳米（0.010＜Dp＜0.056微米）、超细（Dp＜0.1微米）、细（Dp＜2.5微米）和粗（2.5＜Dp＜10微米）颗粒物中的金属进行表征。尽管地壳金属占所有颗粒金属的90%以上，但发现纳米颗粒中与交通相关的金属（铅、镉、铜、锌、钡和镍）比其他尺寸的颗粒更多。由于其本地来源，超细颗粒中的大多数地壳金属、钡、镍、铅和锌呈现艾特肯模态。在＜0.1微米的颗粒中，银、镉、铬、镍、铅、锑、钒和锌的质量分别占37%、50%、28%、30%、24%、64%、38%和22%，在PM(0.01 - 18)中有亚微米质量中值直径（MMD）（锌除外）（特别是镉和锑的＜0.1微米MMD）。这些水平引发了潜在的健康问题。颗粒结合态锌在积聚模态中比在成核/凝聚模态中更丰富，但银、镉和锑的情况则相反。纳米颗粒中的银、钡、镉、铅、锑、钒和锌含量与柴油燃料密切相关，而＜0.1微米颗粒中的铜、锰和锶与汽油的相关性更强。纳米颗粒中高含量的硅与柴油烟灰的相关性比与汽油尾气的相关性更强，这是另一个健康问题。
