Strutt Helen, Strutt David
Centre for Developmental and Biomedical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Bioessays. 2005 Dec;27(12):1218-27. doi: 10.1002/bies.20318.
The mechanisms by which cells become polarised in the plane of an epithelium have been studied in Drosophila for many years. Work has focussed on two key questions: firstly, how individual cells adopt a defined polarity, and secondly how the polarity of each cell within a tissue is aligned with its neighbours. It has been established that asymmetric subcellular localisation of a number of polarity proteins is an essential mechanism underlying polarisation of single cells. The process by which this polarity is coordinated between cells however is less well understood, but is thought to involve gradients of activity of the atypical cadherins Dachsous and Fat. Subsequently, this long-range polarity signal is refined by local cell-cell interactions involving the transmembrane molecules Frizzled, Strabismus and Flamingo. The role of these factors in coordinating polarity will be discussed.
多年来，果蝇中细胞在上皮平面内极化的机制一直是研究对象。研究工作主要集中在两个关键问题上：其一，单个细胞如何形成特定的极性；其二，组织内每个细胞的极性如何与其相邻细胞对齐。已经确定，多种极性蛋白的不对称亚细胞定位是单细胞极化的重要基础机制。然而，细胞间这种极性协调的过程尚不太清楚，但被认为涉及非典型钙黏蛋白Dachsous和Fat的活性梯度。随后，这种长距离极性信号通过涉及跨膜分子卷曲蛋白、斜视蛋白和火烈鸟蛋白的局部细胞间相互作用得到细化。将讨论这些因素在协调极性中的作用。
