Geleijnse J M, Grobbee D E, Kok F J
Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
J Hum Hypertens. 2005 Dec;19 Suppl 3:S1-4. doi: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001953.
The impact of dietary and lifestyle factors on the prevalence of hypertension was quantified for Finland, Italy, The Netherlands, UK and USA. For this purpose, we combined data of blood pressure (BP) and risk factors distributions in these five countries with BP estimates from randomized controlled trials of dietary and lifestyle factors to obtain population attributable risk percentages (PAR%) for hypertension. Overweight made a substantial contribution to hypertension (PAR%: 11-17%), as was the case for excessive sodium intake (9-17%), low potassium intake (4-17%), physical inactivity (5-13%), and low intake of fish oil (3-16%). PAR% were smaller for low calcium intake (2-8%), low magnesium intake (4-8%), excessive coffee consumption (1-9%) and excessive alcohol intake (2-3%). We conclude that diet and lifestyle have a major impact on hypertension in Western societies. The relative significance of different risk factors varies among populations, which is important for preventive strategies.
我们对芬兰、意大利、荷兰、英国和美国的饮食及生活方式因素对高血压患病率的影响进行了量化。为此，我们将这五个国家的血压（BP）和风险因素分布数据与饮食及生活方式因素随机对照试验的血压估计值相结合，以得出高血压的人群归因风险百分比（PAR%）。超重对高血压有很大影响（PAR%：11 - 17%），高钠摄入（9 - 17%）、低钾摄入（4 - 17%）、身体活动不足（5 - 13%）以及鱼油摄入量低（3 - 16%）的情况也是如此。低钙摄入（2 - 8%）、低镁摄入（4 - 8%）、过量饮用咖啡（1 - 9%）和过量饮酒（2 - 3%）的PAR%较小。我们得出结论，饮食和生活方式对西方社会的高血压有重大影响。不同风险因素的相对重要性在不同人群中有所不同，这对预防策略很重要。
