Agostoni Carlo
Department of Paediatrics, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy.
Acta Paediatr. 2005 Nov;94(11):1532-4. doi: 10.1080/08035250500375491.
The content of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) in human milk has been connected with infant growth and developmental indices. The LC-PUFA content of human milk usually reflects the dietary habits of mothers, so questions have been raised regarding the possibility of enriching maternal diet with LC-PUFAs during lactation (or even before) in order to improve infant outcome. Nevertheless, environmental and genetic factors have independent roles in affecting both maternal milk composition and infant development.
Diet-related differences in the LC-PUFA composition of human milk are under active investigation for their possible contribution to infant development, but environment- and gene-related differences in both human milk composition and maternal diet should be considered in evaluating the adaptive mechanisms of infants and the effects of specific LC-PUFA dietary supplementations.
母乳中长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-PUFAs）的含量与婴儿生长发育指标相关。母乳中LC-PUFA的含量通常反映母亲的饮食习惯，因此有人提出在哺乳期（甚至在此之前）通过富含LC-PUFA的食物来改善母亲饮食，以提升婴儿的生长发育情况。然而，环境和遗传因素在影响母乳成分和婴儿发育方面具有独立作用。
母乳中LC-PUFA组成的饮食相关差异对婴儿发育的潜在影响正在积极研究中，但在评估婴儿的适应机制和特定LC-PUFA膳食补充剂的效果时，应考虑母乳成分和母亲饮食中与环境和基因相关的差异。
