Effects of mutation position on frequency of marker rescue by homologous recombination.

Homologous recombination between transferred and chromosomal DNA can be used for mapping mutations by marker rescue, i.e., by identifying which segment of wild-type DNA can recombine with the mutant chromosomal gene and restore normal function. In order to define how much the fragments should overlap each other for reliable mapping, we have measured how the frequency of marker rescue is affected by the position of the chromosomal mutation relative to the ends of the transferred DNA fragments. For this purpose, we used several DNA fragments to effect marker rescue in two mutant hybridomas which bear mutations 673 bp apart in the exons encoding the second and third constant region domains of the immunoglobulin mu heavy chain. The frequency of marker rescue decreased greatly when the mutation was located near one of the ends of the fragments, the results indicating that fragments should be designed to overlap by at least several hundred base pairs. Possible explanations for this "end effect" are considered.