Fauci Anthony S
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 31, Room 7A03, MSC 2520, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892-2520, USA.
Acad Med. 2005 Dec;80(12):1079-85. doi: 10.1097/00001888-200512000-00002.
Public health officials once suggested that it might someday be possible to "close the book" on the study and treatment of infectious diseases. However, it is now clear that endemic diseases as well as newly emerging ones (e.g., severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS]), reemerging ones (e.g., West Nile virus), and even deliberately disseminated infectious diseases (e.g., anthrax from bioterrorism) continue to pose a substantial threat throughout the world. Over the past several decades, the global effort to identify and characterize infectious agents, decipher the underlying pathways by which they cause disease, and develop preventive measures and treatments for many of the world's most dangerous pathogens has helped control many endemic diseases. But despite considerable progress, infectious diseases continue to present significant challenges as new microbial threats emerge and reemerge. HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, influenza, SARS, West Nile virus, Marburg virus, and bioterrorism are examples of some of the emerging and reemerging threats. In responding to these ongoing challenges, a new paradigm in countermeasure development is needed. In the past, U.S. government-sponsored biomedical researchers have focused on basic research and concept development, leaving product development to the pharmaceutical industry. Increasingly, however, the government has become involved in more targeted countermeasure development efforts. In this regard, partnerships between government, industry, and academia are necessary as we struggle to maintain and update our armamentarium in the struggle to outwit the microbes that pose a never-ending threat to mankind.
公共卫生官员曾表示，或许有朝一日有可能“终结”传染病的研究与治疗。然而，如今很明显，地方病以及新出现的疾病（如严重急性呼吸综合征[SARS]）、再度出现的疾病（如西尼罗河病毒），甚至是蓄意传播的传染病（如生物恐怖主义引发的炭疽）在全球范围内依然构成重大威胁。在过去几十年里，全球致力于识别和描述传染病病原体、解读它们引发疾病的潜在途径，并为世界上许多最危险的病原体研发预防措施和治疗方法，这有助于控制许多地方病。但尽管取得了显著进展，随着新的微生物威胁不断出现和再度出现，传染病仍然带来重大挑战。艾滋病毒/艾滋病、疟疾、结核病、流感、SARS、西尼罗河病毒、马尔堡病毒以及生物恐怖主义就是一些新出现和再度出现的威胁的例子。为应对这些持续存在的挑战，需要一种新的对策开发范式。过去，美国政府资助的生物医学研究人员专注于基础研究和概念开发，而将产品开发留给制药行业。然而，政府越来越多地参与到更具针对性的对策开发工作中。在这方面，政府、产业界和学术界之间的合作关系是必要的，因为我们在努力维护和更新我们的武器库，以智胜那些对人类构成永无休止威胁的微生物。
