Culebras A
Department of Neurology, SUNY Health Science Center.
Neurology. 1992 Jul;42(7 Suppl 6):19-27.
The cyclic alternations of wakefulness and sleep competing for the domain of brain activity are controlled by neuronal systems contained in the core of the brainstem, hypothalamus, thalamus, and basal forebrain. This organization encompasses complex neuroanatomic, neurophysiologic, and neurochemical mechanisms that are subject to disruption from within, or as a result of incidental alterations of appropriate brain centers. The first section of this article reviews the wake-sleep disturbances that occur with lesions in defined neuroanatomic structures involved in sleep mechanisms, such as the brainstem, hypothalamus, thalamus, and cerebral hemispheres. The second section gives an overview of specific sleep alterations associated with neurologic disorders. These include stroke, Parkinson's disease, degenerative systemic disorders, multiple sclerosis, myotonic dystrophy, myasthenia gravis, brain tumors, head trauma, coma, epilepsy, and headache syndromes.
清醒与睡眠这两种争夺大脑活动领域的周期性交替，受脑干核心、下丘脑、丘脑及基底前脑所含的神经元系统控制。这种组织结构包含复杂的神经解剖、神经生理和神经化学机制，这些机制可能会因内部原因或适当脑区的偶然改变而受到破坏。本文第一部分回顾了与睡眠机制相关的特定神经解剖结构（如脑干、下丘脑、丘脑和大脑半球）损伤时出现的觉醒-睡眠障碍。第二部分概述了与神经系统疾病相关的特定睡眠改变。这些疾病包括中风、帕金森病、退行性全身性疾病、多发性硬化症、强直性肌营养不良症、重症肌无力、脑肿瘤、头部外伤、昏迷、癫痫和头痛综合征。
