Lephart S M, Abt J P, Ferris C M, Sell T C, Nagai T, Myers J B, Irrgang J J
Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Br J Sports Med. 2005 Dec;39(12):932-8. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2005.019083.
In order to improve neuromuscular and biomechanical characteristic deficits in female athletes, numerous injury prevention programs have been developed and have successfully reduced the number of knee ligament injuries. However, few have investigated the neuromuscular and biomechanical changes following these training programs. It is also largely unknown what type of program is better for improving the landing mechanics of female athletes.
To investigate the effects of an 8 week plyometric and basic resistance training program on neuromuscular and biomechanical characteristics in female athletes.
Twenty seven high school female athletes participated either in a plyometric or a basic resistance training program. Knee and hip strength, landing mechanics, and muscle activity were recorded before and after the intervention programs. In the jump-landing task, subjects jumped as high as they could and landed on both feet. Electromyography (EMG) peak activation time and integrated EMG of thigh and hip muscles were recorded prior to (preactive) and subsequent to (reactive) foot contact.
Both groups improved knee extensor isokinetic strength and increased initial and peak knee and hip flexion, and time to peak knee flexion during the task. The peak preactive EMG of the gluteus medius and integrated EMG for the gluteus medius during the preactive and reactive time periods were significantly greater for both groups.
Basic training alone induced favourable neuromuscular and biomechanical changes in high school female athletes. The plyometric program may further be utilised to improve muscular activation patterns.
为改善女运动员的神经肌肉和生物力学特征缺陷，已制定了许多预防损伤计划，并成功减少了膝关节韧带损伤的数量。然而，很少有人研究这些训练计划后的神经肌肉和生物力学变化。对于哪种类型的计划更有利于改善女运动员的落地力学，也 largely 未知。
研究为期 8 周的增强式训练和基础阻力训练计划对女运动员神经肌肉和生物力学特征的影响。
27 名高中女运动员参加了增强式训练或基础阻力训练计划。在干预计划前后记录膝关节和髋关节力量、落地力学和肌肉活动。在跳跃落地任务中，受试者尽可能高地跳跃并双脚落地。在足部接触之前（预激活）和之后（反应性）记录大腿和臀部肌肉的肌电图（EMG）峰值激活时间和 EMG 积分。
两组均改善了膝关节伸肌等速肌力，增加了任务期间膝关节和髋关节的初始和峰值屈曲以及达到膝关节峰值屈曲的时间。两组臀中肌的预激活 EMG 峰值以及预激活和反应性时间段内臀中肌的 EMG 积分均显著增加。
仅基础训练就能在高中女运动员中引起有利的神经肌肉和生物力学变化。增强式训练计划可能进一步用于改善肌肉激活模式。
