Horiuchi Motohiro
Laboratory of Prion Diseases, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Uirusu. 2005 Jun;55(1):45-53. doi: 10.2222/jsv.55.45.
Prion diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) have been recognized as zoonosis since the existence of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) was reported in 1996. BSE became a serious social problem even in Japan after the first BSE case was found in 2001. The incidence of BSE in EU and UK appears declining, and the vCJD incidence also shows a tendency to decrease. On the contrary, fears for the spread of BSE became actual problems: BSE occurrence outside of EU, transmission of vCJD by blood transfusion, and the first vCJD case in Japan. To prevent further spread and to reduce the risk of BSE, it is important to continue BSE screening/surveillance, removal of specified risk materials from food and feed chains, and effective feed regulation. For the disclosure and elimination of prion-contaminated blood, materials for medical and pharmaceutical products and so on, it is required to improve the sensitivity of prion detection methods. Furthermore, it is also important to establish therapeutics of human prion diseases.
自1996年报告出现变异型克雅氏病（vCJD）以来，诸如牛海绵状脑病（BSE）等朊病毒病已被认定为人畜共患病。2001年发现首例BSE病例后，BSE甚至在日本也成为一个严重的社会问题。欧盟和英国的BSE发病率似乎在下降，vCJD发病率也呈下降趋势。相反，对BSE传播的担忧成为实际问题：欧盟以外地区出现BSE、通过输血传播vCJD以及日本出现首例vCJD病例。为防止BSE进一步传播并降低其风险，持续进行BSE筛查/监测、从食品和饲料链中去除特定风险物质以及实施有效的饲料监管非常重要。为了披露和消除受朊病毒污染的血液、医疗和药品等产品的原材料，需要提高朊病毒检测方法的灵敏度。此外，建立人类朊病毒病的治疗方法也很重要。
