Chang Sei Jin, Koh Sang Baek, Kang Myung Gun, Cha Bong Suk, Park Jong Ku, Hyun Sook Jung, Park Jun Ho, Kim Seong Ah, Kang Dong Mug, Chang Seong Sil, Lee Kyung Jae, Ha Eun Hee, Ha Mina, Woo Jong Min, Cho Jung Jin, Kim Hyeong Su, Park Jung Sun
Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Occupational Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine.
J Prev Med Public Health. 2005 Feb;38(1):25-37.
To estimate the magnitude of psychosocial distress and examine eligible factors associated with the development of psychosocial distress in Korean employees, using a nationwide sample.
A total of 6977 workers were recruited from 245 companies. A structured questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographics, health-related behaviors, job characteristics, social support at work, personality traits (locus of control, type A behavior pattern), self-esteem, and psychosocial distress.
The results showed that 23% of workers were categorized as high stress, 73% as moderate, and 5% as normal. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that psychosocial distress was more common in younger workers, both male and female. Regular exercise was negatively associated with increase of psychosocial distress. In job characteristics, as expected, low decision latitude, high job insecurity, and low social support at work were related to high psychosocial distress. Personality traits such as locus of control and type A behavior pattern, and self-esteem were more powerful predictors of psychosocial distress than general characteristics, health-related behavior, and job characteristics. There were some gender differences. While men who are less educated and single (unmarried, divorced, and separated) experienced higher levels of psychosocial distress than those who are educated and married, women who feel high job demand experienced higher levels of psychosocial distress than those who feel low job demand.
The proportion of the high stress group was higher than expected, and psychosocial factors like social support and personality characteristics (e.g. locus of control, type A behavior pattern and self-esteem) were more significant factors for psychosocial distress than other variables. This finding suggests that some psychosocial factors, especially inadequate social support, low self-esteem and lack of internal locus of control for the development of psychosocial distress, will also operate as an intervention strategy in the worksite stress reduction program. It is strongly required that worksite stress reduction programs should be established in at both occupational and level as well as in individual levels.
采用全国性样本，评估韩国员工心理社会困扰的程度，并探讨与心理社会困扰发生相关的影响因素。
从245家公司招募了6977名员工。使用结构化问卷评估社会人口统计学、健康相关行为、工作特征、工作中的社会支持、人格特质（控制点、A型行为模式）、自尊和心理社会困扰。
结果显示，23%的员工被归类为高压力，73%为中度压力，5%为正常压力。分层多元回归分析表明，心理社会困扰在年轻员工（包括男性和女性）中更为常见。经常锻炼与心理社会困扰的增加呈负相关。在工作特征方面，正如预期的那样，决策自由度低、工作不安全感高以及工作中的社会支持低与高心理社会困扰相关。控制点和A型行为模式等人格特质以及自尊比一般特征、健康相关行为和工作特征更能有力地预测心理社会困扰。存在一些性别差异。受教育程度较低且单身（未婚、离异和分居）的男性比受教育且已婚的男性经历更高水平的心理社会困扰，而感到工作需求高的女性比感到工作需求低的女性经历更高水平的心理社会困扰。
高压力组的比例高于预期，社会支持和人格特征（如控制点、A型行为模式和自尊）等心理社会因素比其他变量更能显著影响心理社会困扰。这一发现表明，一些心理社会因素，特别是社会支持不足、自尊低下和缺乏内部控制点，在心理社会困扰的发展中也将作为工作场所压力减轻计划中的干预策略。强烈要求在职业层面和个人层面都应制定工作场所压力减轻计划。
