Anderson Gregory J, Frazer David M
Iron Metabolism Laboratory, The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, Australia.
Semin Liver Dis. 2005 Nov;25(4):420-32. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-923314.
The liver performs three main functions in iron homeostasis. It is the major site of iron storage, it regulates iron traffic into and around the body through its production of the peptide hepcidin, and it is the site of synthesis of major proteins of iron metabolism such as transferrin and ceruloplasmin. Most of the iron that enters the liver is derived from plasma transferrin under normal circumstances, and transferrin receptors 1 and 2 play important roles in this process. In pathological situations, non-transferrin-bound iron, ferritin, and hemoglobin/haptoglobin and heme/hemopexin complexes assume greater importance in iron delivery to the organ. Iron is stored in the liver as ferritin and, with heavy iron loading, as hemosiderin. The liver can divest itself of iron through the plasma membrane iron exporter ferroportin 1, a process that also requires ceruloplasmin. Hepcidin can regulate this iron release through its interaction with ferroportin.
肝脏在铁稳态中发挥三种主要功能。它是铁储存的主要场所，通过产生肽类铁调素调节铁进出身体，并且是铁代谢主要蛋白质如转铁蛋白和铜蓝蛋白的合成场所。在正常情况下，进入肝脏的大部分铁来自血浆转铁蛋白，转铁蛋白受体1和2在此过程中起重要作用。在病理情况下，非转铁蛋白结合铁、铁蛋白、血红蛋白/触珠蛋白和血红素/血红素结合蛋白复合物在向该器官输送铁方面变得更为重要。铁以铁蛋白的形式储存在肝脏中，铁负荷过重时则以含铁血黄素的形式储存。肝脏可通过质膜铁输出蛋白铁转运蛋白1排出铁，这一过程也需要铜蓝蛋白。铁调素可通过与铁转运蛋白相互作用来调节这种铁释放。
