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本文引用的文献

1
Ethics needs principles--four can encompass the rest--and respect for autonomy should be "first among equals".伦理学需要原则——四条原则便足以涵盖其他——而对自主性的尊重应位居“平等原则之首”。
J Med Ethics. 2003 Oct;29(5):307-12. doi: 10.1136/jme.29.5.307.
2
In praise of unprincipled ethics.赞无原则的伦理道德。
J Med Ethics. 2003 Oct;29(5):303-6. doi: 10.1136/jme.29.5.303.
3
The virtues (and vices) of the four principles.四项原则的优点(及缺点)
J Med Ethics. 2003 Oct;29(5):292-6. doi: 10.1136/jme.29.5.292.

医学伦理的风险

The dangers of medical ethics.

作者信息

Cowley C

机构信息

School of Medicine, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.

出版信息

J Med Ethics. 2005 Dec;31(12):739-42. doi: 10.1136/jme.2005.011908.

DOI:10.1136/jme.2005.011908
PMID:16319242
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1734063/
Abstract

The dominant conception of medical ethics being taught in British and American medical schools is at best pointless and at worst dangerous, or so it will be argued. Although it is laudable that medical schools have now given medical ethics a secure place in the curriculum, they go wrong in treating it like a scientific body of knowledge. Ethics is a unique subject matter precisely because of its widespread familiarity in all areas of life, and any teaching has to start from this shared ethical understanding and from the familiar ethical concepts of ordinary language. Otherwise there is a real risk that spurious technocratic jargon will be deployed by teacher and student alike in the futile search for intellectual respectability, culminating in a misplaced sense of having "done" the ethics module. There are no better examples of such jargon than "consequentialism", "deontology", and the "Four Principles". At best, they cannot do the work they were designed to do and, at worst, they can lead student and practitioner into ignoring their own healthy ethical intuitions and vocabulary.

摘要

英美医学院所教授的主流医学伦理观念,往好里说是毫无意义,往坏里说是危险的,至少本文将如此论证。虽然医学院如今已在课程中为医学伦理确立了稳固地位,这值得称赞,但它们将医学伦理当作一门科学知识体系来对待,这是错误的。伦理学是一个独特的主题,正因为它在生活的各个领域都广为人知,任何教学都必须从这种共同的伦理理解以及日常语言中熟悉的伦理概念出发。否则,就存在一种真正的风险,即教师和学生都会使用虚假的技术官僚行话,徒劳地寻求学术上的尊重,最终导致一种错误的感觉,认为已经“完成”了伦理学模块的学习。没有比“后果主义”“义务论”和“四项原则”更好的此类行话例子了。往好里说,它们无法完成其设计目的,往坏里说,它们会导致学生和从业者忽视自己健康的伦理直觉和词汇。