Barnett R C, Marshall N L
Center for Research on Women, Wellesley College, MA.
Women Health. 1992;18(2):9-40. doi: 10.1300/J013v18n02_02.
This paper examines the relationship between the occupancy and quality of multiple-roles and psychological distress in a stratified random sample of 403 women employed as licensed practical nurses and social workers. We examined the main effects of the quality of the employee and parent roles and the interaction effects between these variables. Negative- and positive-spillover effects, from job to parenting and from parenting to job, were examined in an attempt to illuminate the processes by which multiple roles affect employed mothers' vulnerability or resilience to psychological distress. We found no negative-spillover effects from job to parenting or from parenting to job, but we did find positive-spillover effects from job to parenting. Women with rewarding jobs were protected from the negative mental-health effects of troubled relationships with their children. This protection accrued to employed mothers regardless of their partnership status or the age of their children. Although based on cross-sectional analyses, these findings suggest mechanisms by which employed mothers reap a mental-health advantage from multiple roles, even when some of those roles are stressful.
本文在一个由403名执业护士和社会工作者组成的分层随机样本中，研究了多重角色的参与度和质量与心理困扰之间的关系。我们考察了员工角色和父母角色质量的主效应以及这些变量之间的交互效应。为了阐明多重角色影响职业母亲心理困扰易感性或恢复力的过程，我们研究了从工作到育儿以及从育儿到工作的负面和正面溢出效应。我们没有发现从工作到育儿或从育儿到工作的负面溢出效应，但确实发现了从工作到育儿的正面溢出效应。从事有意义工作的女性免受与孩子关系困扰所带来的负面心理健康影响。无论她们的伴侣状况或孩子年龄如何，职业母亲都能获得这种保护。尽管基于横断面分析，但这些发现表明了职业母亲即使在某些角色压力较大的情况下，仍能从多重角色中获得心理健康优势的机制。
