Wiklund Maria, Ahlgren Christina, Hammarström Anne
a Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden.
b Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Public Health , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden.
Glob Health Action. 2018;11(sup3):1519960. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2018.1519960.
Gender, class and living conditions shape health and illness. However, few studies have investigated constructs of femininity in relation to health and living conditions among young women who are unemployed and marginalised at an early age.
The aim of this research was to elucidate constructs of femininities in relation to structuring living conditions and expressions of health in Northern Swedish women. The time period of interest was the transition from unemployed teenagers to young adults in a social context of high unemployment and societal change across the critical 'school-to-work-transition' period of the life course.
Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse data from repeated interviews with unemployed young women, aged 16-33 years, during the 1980s and 1990s. These longitudinal interviews were part of a cohort study in a 'remote' municipality in Northern Sweden that began in 1981. All girls who were not in education, employment, or training were selected for interview. An inductive analysis phase was followed by a theoretically informed phase. The contextual frame is the Nordic welfare-state model and the 'caring state' with its particular focus on basic and secondary education, and women's participation in the labour market. This focus paralleled high rates of youth unemployment in northern Sweden during the study period.
The results are presented as the theme of 'constructing respectability from disfavoured social positions'. Within this theme, and framed by dominant norms of patriarchal femininity, we explored the constructs of normative and altruistic, norm-breaking, and troubled femininity.
Gender-sensitive interventions are needed to strengthen young women's further education and positions in the labour market and to preventing exposure to violence. More research on health experiences related to the multitude of constructs of femininities in various social contexts and across the life course is needed to help design and implement such interventions.
性别、阶级和生活条件塑造着健康与疾病状况。然而，很少有研究调查在年轻时就失业且处于边缘地位的年轻女性中，女性气质的构成与健康及生活条件之间的关系。
本研究的目的是阐明瑞典北部女性在构建生活条件和表达健康方面的女性气质构成。所关注的时间段是在高失业率和社会变革的社会背景下，从失业青少年到年轻成年人的转变，这一时期跨越了人生关键的“从学校到工作的过渡”阶段。
采用定性内容分析法，对20世纪80年代和90年代对16 - 33岁失业年轻女性进行的多次访谈数据进行分析。这些纵向访谈是瑞典北部一个“偏远”市镇始于1981年的一项队列研究的一部分。所有未接受教育、就业或培训的女孩都被选入访谈对象。分析阶段先进行归纳分析，随后进入理论指导阶段。背景框架是北欧福利国家模式和“关怀型国家”，其特别关注基础教育和中等教育，以及女性参与劳动力市场。这一关注点与研究期间瑞典北部青年高失业率相平行。
结果呈现为“从不利社会地位构建体面”这一主题。在这个主题范围内，并以父权制女性气质的主导规范为框架，我们探讨了规范利他型、打破规范型和困扰型女性气质的构成。
需要采取对性别敏感的干预措施，以加强年轻女性的继续教育和劳动力市场地位，并防止她们遭受暴力。需要开展更多关于在各种社会背景下以及整个生命过程中与多种女性气质构成相关的健康经历的研究，以帮助设计和实施此类干预措施。
