Grass Jeffrey A
Department of Anesthesiology, Western Pennsylvania Hospital and Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Anesth Analg. 2005 Nov;101(5 Suppl):S44-S61. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000177102.11682.20.
One of the most common methods for providing postoperative analgesia is via patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Although the typical approach is to administer opioids via a programmable infusion pump, other drugs and other modes of administration are available. This article reviews the history and practice of many aspects of PCA and provides extensive guidelines for the practice of PCA-administered opioids. In addition, potential adverse effects and recommendations for their monitoring and treatment are reviewed.
提供术后镇痛最常用的方法之一是患者自控镇痛（PCA）。虽然典型的方法是通过可编程输液泵给予阿片类药物，但也有其他药物和给药方式可供选择。本文回顾了PCA多个方面的历史和实践，并为PCA阿片类药物的使用提供了广泛的指南。此外，还回顾了潜在的不良反应以及对其监测和治疗的建议。
