Nazarko T Iu, Sybirnyĭ A A
Ukr Biokhim Zh (1999). 2005 Mar-Apr;77(2):16-25.
Autophagy, Cvt pathway and pexophagy belong to membrane transport routes, which are able to enwrap into double-membrane vesicles and deliver to the vacuole various cytosolic material, including organelles. Pexophagy is a selective pathway of vacuolar degradation of redundant peroxisomes and can be induced by certain changes of carbon sources in yeasts. Here we review the most general molecular mechanisms of autophagic transport routes with a special emphasis on their features and functions in the yeast peroxisome degradation. Special attention has been also paid to differences in functioning of the basic autophagic machinery during micro- and macroautophagic peroxisome degradation in methylotrophic yeasts. The requirements of autophagic pathways for the sources of membrane for transport vesicle formation are also analyzed. Finally, we point to the gaps in our understanding of peroxisome degradation, which should be filled for complete integration of pexophagy into the network of autophagic transport routes to the vacuole in yeast.
自噬、Cvt途径和过氧化物酶体自噬属于膜运输途径，它们能够包裹形成双膜囊泡，并将包括细胞器在内的各种胞质物质运输到液泡中。过氧化物酶体自噬是一种选择性降解多余过氧化物酶体的途径，可由酵母中碳源的某些变化诱导。在这里，我们综述了自噬运输途径最普遍的分子机制，并特别强调了它们在酵母过氧化物酶体降解中的特征和功能。我们还特别关注了甲基营养型酵母在微自噬和巨自噬过氧化物酶体降解过程中基本自噬机制功能的差异。同时分析了自噬途径对运输囊泡形成膜来源的需求。最后，我们指出了我们对过氧化物酶体降解理解上的空白，为了将过氧化物酶体自噬完全整合到酵母中向液泡的自噬运输途径网络中，这些空白有待填补。
