Mellström G A, Boman A
Department of Occupational Dermatology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Solna, Sweden.
Contact Dermatitis. 1992 Feb;26(2):120-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb00896.x.
Most current data on the protective effect of gloves against chemicals are obtained in vitro, using permeation cells. In vivo testing would give additional information on efficiency but is both expensive and time-consuming. It would therefore be valuable to know whether any definitive relationship exists between results obtained in vivo and in vitro. Gloves of natural rubber, butyl rubber and polyvinyl chloride (vinyl) were tested against 3 organic solvents, toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and butanol, in vivo in guinea pigs and in vitro in permeation cells. Breakthrough times, absorption rates and steady state permeation rates were determined and compared on a relative basis. Some of the gloves that had a low degree of resistance to the test solvent in vitro nevertheless showed a rather good reducing capacity on the percutaneous absorption in vivo. However, for 2 gloves where no breakthrough was noted for butanol in vitro, permeation occurred at a degree lower than the minimum detection level. At this low concentration, the solvent was not absorbed through intact skin but through damaged skin. The breakthrough times for the 3 solvents corresponded well for the 2 test systems. The relative absorption rates and relative steady-state permeation rates varied considerably and no definitive relationship between the 2 sets of test results could be seen.
目前大多数关于手套对化学物质防护作用的数据是在体外使用渗透细胞获得的。体内测试会提供关于效率的更多信息，但既昂贵又耗时。因此，了解体内和体外获得的结果之间是否存在任何确定的关系将很有价值。天然橡胶、丁基橡胶和聚氯乙烯（乙烯基）手套在豚鼠体内针对3种有机溶剂（甲苯、1,1,1-三氯乙烷和丁醇）进行了测试，并在渗透细胞中进行了体外测试。测定了突破时间、吸收率和稳态渗透速率，并在相对基础上进行了比较。一些在体外对测试溶剂抗性较低的手套在体内对经皮吸收仍显示出相当好的降低能力。然而，对于2种在体外未观察到丁醇突破的手套，渗透程度低于最低检测水平。在这种低浓度下，溶剂不是通过完整皮肤吸收，而是通过受损皮肤吸收。两种测试系统中3种溶剂的突破时间相当吻合。相对吸收率和相对稳态渗透速率差异很大，两组测试结果之间没有确定的关系。
