Ackermann Mathias, Engels Monika
Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Vet Microbiol. 2006 Mar 31;113(3-4):293-302. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.11.043. Epub 2005 Dec 5.
Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) is the causative agent of respiratory and genital tract infections such as infectious rhinotracheitis (IBR), infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV, balanoposthitis (IBP), and abortion. Despite of a pronounced immune response, the virus is never eliminated from an infected host but establishes life-long latency and may be reactivated at intervals. Europe has a long history of fighting against BoHV-1 infections, yet, only a small number of countries has achieved IBR-eradication. Therefore, it seemed appropriate to review the reasoning pro and contra such a task. Clearly, the goal can indeed be achieved as has been demonstrated by a number of European countries. However, detection and stamping out of seemingly healthy virus carriers is inevitable in the process. Unfortunately, the use of vaccines is only of temporary and limited value. Therefore, there are numerous considerations to be put forward against such plans, including the high costs, the great risks, and the unsatisfactory quality of tools. If either control or eradication of IBR is nonetheless a goal, then better vaccines are needed as well as better companion tests. Moreover, better tools for the characterization of viral isolates are required. Collaborative actions to gather viral strains from as many countries as possible for inclusion into a newly created clustering library would be most advantageous.
牛疱疹病毒1型（BoHV-1）是呼吸道和生殖道感染的病原体，如传染性鼻气管炎（IBR）、传染性脓疱性外阴阴道炎（IPV）、阴茎头炎（IBP）和流产。尽管有明显的免疫反应，但病毒从未从感染宿主中清除，而是建立终身潜伏感染，并可能间歇性重新激活。欧洲有很长的抗击BoHV-1感染的历史，然而，只有少数国家实现了IBR根除。因此，审查支持和反对这项任务的理由似乎是合适的。显然，正如一些欧洲国家所证明的那样，这个目标确实可以实现。然而，在此过程中不可避免地要检测和淘汰看似健康的病毒携带者。不幸的是，疫苗的使用只是暂时的且价值有限。因此，有许多理由反对这样的计划，包括成本高、风险大以及工具质量不尽人意。如果IBR的控制或根除仍然是一个目标，那么就需要更好的疫苗以及更好的配套检测方法。此外，还需要更好的工具来鉴定病毒分离株。采取合作行动，从尽可能多的国家收集病毒株，纳入新创建的聚类文库，将是非常有利的。
