Muylkens Benoît, Thiry Julien, Kirten Philippe, Schynts Frédéric, Thiry Etienne
Virology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster 20, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
Vet Res. 2007 Mar-Apr;38(2):181-209. doi: 10.1051/vetres:2006059. Epub 2007 Jan 25.
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), classified as an alphaherpesvirus, is a major pathogen of cattle. Primary infection is accompanied by various clinical manifestations such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, abortion, infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, and systemic infection in neonates. When animals survive, a life-long latent infection is established in nervous sensory ganglia. Several reactivation stimuli can lead to viral re-excretion, which is responsible for the maintenance of BoHV-1 within a cattle herd. This paper focuses on an updated pathogenesis based on a molecular characterization of BoHV-1 and the description of the virus cycle. Special emphasis is accorded to the impact of the latency and reactivation cycle on the epidemiology and the control of BoHV-1. Several European countries have initiated BoHV-1 eradication schemes because of the significant losses incurred by disease and trading restrictions. The vaccines used against BoHV-1 are described in this context where the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals is of critical importance to achieve BoHV-1 eradication.
牛疱疹病毒1型（BoHV-1）属于α疱疹病毒，是牛的主要病原体。初次感染会伴有多种临床表现，如传染性牛鼻气管炎、流产、传染性脓疱性外阴阴道炎以及新生犊牛的全身感染。动物存活后，会在神经感觉神经节中建立终身潜伏感染。多种激活刺激可导致病毒再次排出，这是BoHV-1在牛群中持续存在的原因。本文基于BoHV-1的分子特征和病毒周期的描述，重点阐述了最新的发病机制。特别强调了潜伏和激活周期对BoHV-1流行病学和防控的影响。由于疾病造成的重大损失和贸易限制，几个欧洲国家已启动BoHV-1根除计划。在此背景下描述了用于对抗BoHV-1的疫苗，其中区分感染动物和接种疫苗的动物对于实现BoHV-1根除至关重要。
