Morton James Peter, Cable Nigel Tim
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, 15-21 Webster Street, Liverpool L3 2ET, UK.
Ergonomics. 2005;48(11-14):1535-46. doi: 10.1080/00140130500100959.
The aim of the present study was to determine whether short-term intermittent hypoxic training would enhance sea level aerobic and anaerobic performance over and above that occurring with equivalent sea level training. Over a 4-week period, two groups of eight moderately trained team sports players performed 30 min of cycling exercise three times per week. One group trained in normobaric hypoxia at a simulated altitude of 2750 m (F(I)O2= 0.15), the other group trained in a laboratory under sea level conditions. Each training session consisted of ten 1-min bouts at 80% maximum workload maintained for 2 min (Wmax) during the incremental exercise test at sea level separated by 2-min active recovery at 50% Wmax. Training intensities were increased by 5% after six training sessions and by a further 5% (of original Wmax) after nine sessions. Pre-training assessments of VO(2max), power output at onset of 4 mM blood lactate accumulation (OBLA), Wmax and Wingate anaerobic performance were performed on a cycle ergometer at sea level and repeated 4-7 d following the training intervention. Following training there were significant increases (p < 0.01) in VO(2max) (7.2 vs. 8.0%), Wmax (15.5 vs. 17.8%), OBLA (11.1 vs. 11.9%), mean power (8.0 vs. 6.5%) and peak power (2.9 vs. 9.3%) in both the hypoxic and normoxic groups respectively. There were no significant differences between the increases in any of the above-mentioned performance parameters in either training environment (p > 0.05). In addition, neither haemoglobin concentration nor haematocrit were significantly changed in either group (p > 0.05). It is concluded that acute exposure of moderately trained subjects to normobaric hypoxia during a short-term training programme consisting of moderate- to high-intensity intermittent exercise has no enhanced effect on the degree of improvement in either aerobic or anaerobic performance. These data suggest that if there are any advantages to training in hypoxia for sea level performance, they would not arise from the short-term protocol employed in the present study.
本研究的目的是确定短期间歇性低氧训练是否会比同等海平面训练更能提高海平面有氧和无氧运动表现。在为期4周的时间里，两组各8名中等训练水平的团队运动运动员每周进行3次30分钟的自行车运动。一组在模拟海拔2750米（F(I)O2 = 0.15）的常压低氧环境中训练，另一组在海平面条件下的实验室中训练。每次训练包括在海平面递增运动测试中以80%最大工作量进行十组1分钟的运动，每组运动持续2分钟（Wmax），组间以50%Wmax进行2分钟的主动恢复。训练强度在6次训练后增加5%，在9次训练后再增加5%（相对于初始Wmax）。在海平面的自行车测力计上进行训练前的VO(2max)、血乳酸积累达到4 mM时的功率输出（OBLA）、Wmax和温盖特无氧运动表现评估，并在训练干预后4 - 7天重复进行。训练后，低氧组和常氧组的VO(2max)（分别提高7.2%对8.0%）、Wmax（分别提高15.5%对17.8%）、OBLA（分别提高11.1%对11.9%）、平均功率（分别提高8.0%对6.5%）和峰值功率（分别提高2.9%对9.3%）均有显著增加（p < 0.01）。在两种训练环境下，上述任何运动表现参数的增加之间均无显著差异（p > 0.05）。此外，两组的血红蛋白浓度和血细胞比容均无显著变化（p > 0.05）。得出的结论是，在由中高强度间歇性运动组成的短期训练计划中，中等训练水平的受试者急性暴露于常压低氧环境对有氧或无氧运动表现的改善程度没有增强作用。这些数据表明，如果在低氧环境中训练对海平面运动表现有任何优势，它们不会源于本研究采用的短期方案。
