Silva Juan, Loyola Patricio, Galleguillos Juan, Rodríguez Yara, Colque-Navarro Patricia, Möllby Roland, Kühn Inger
Departamento de Tecnología Médica, INDES, Universidad de Antofagasta, Chile.
Rev Med Chil. 2005 Oct;133(10):1201-10. doi: 10.4067/s0034-98872005001000009. Epub 2005 Dec 5.
There is little information available in Chile on the distribution of Enterococcus spp in waste water and its implications in transmission of antibiotic resistance through the water cycle. Enterococcus spp are common in nosocomial infections and may spread antibiotic resistance through the food chain.
To determine the presence of antibiotic resistant Enterococcus spp in the sewage of Antofagasta, Chile.
Samples of sewage from two sewage treatment plants and from the Public Hospital of Antofagasta collector were obtained. Enterococcus spp were isolated on m-Enterococcus agar containing ampicillin, vancomycin and streptomycin. The isolates were identified and subjected to biochemical typing (PhPlate). Minimal inhibitory concentration determination was performed by agar dilution technique.
High counts of resistant Enterococcus spp were found on the streptomycin plates, lower on ampicillin and very low on vancomycin plates. A total of 63 Enterococcus spp strains were typed and the identification showed 5 different species; E faecalis (65%), E faecium (14%), E hirae (13%), E durans (6%) and E gallinarum (2%). The typing revealed a high diversity among the isolates. Two biochemical phenotypes were predominant, C1 (21 strains) and C6 (7 strains). Both were highly resistant to gentamycin and streptomycin; moderately resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin, and with intermediate susceptibility to vancomycin. Both phenotypes were found in the sewage of the hospital collector and in the treatment plants.
In the sewage of Antofagasta we found dominating phenotypes of multiresistant Enterococcus spp. Sewage could be an important way of transmission of these microorganisms.
在智利，关于废水中肠球菌属的分布及其在通过水循环传播抗生素耐药性方面的影响，可获取的信息很少。肠球菌属在医院感染中很常见，并且可能通过食物链传播抗生素耐药性。
确定智利安托法加斯塔污水中耐抗生素肠球菌属的存在情况。
采集了来自两个污水处理厂以及安托法加斯塔公立医院集水器的污水样本。在含有氨苄青霉素、万古霉素和链霉素的m-肠球菌琼脂上分离肠球菌属。对分离株进行鉴定并进行生化分型（PhPlate）。通过琼脂稀释技术测定最低抑菌浓度。
在链霉素平板上发现了大量的耐药肠球菌属，在氨苄青霉素平板上数量较少，在万古霉素平板上数量非常少。共对63株肠球菌属菌株进行了分型，鉴定显示有5个不同的种；粪肠球菌（65%）、屎肠球菌（14%）、海氏肠球菌（13%）、耐久肠球菌（6%）和鹑鸡肠球菌（2%）。分型显示分离株之间具有高度多样性。两种生化表型占主导，C1（21株）和C6（7株）。两者都对庆大霉素和链霉素高度耐药；对氨苄青霉素、氯霉素、四环素和环丙沙星中度耐药，对万古霉素有中度敏感性。在医院集水器和处理厂的污水中都发现了这两种表型。
在安托法加斯塔的污水中，我们发现了多重耐药肠球菌属的主导表型。污水可能是这些微生物传播的重要途径。
