Biofilm Dynamics and Kinetics during High-Rate Sulfate Reduction under Anaerobic Conditions.

The sulfate kinetics in an anaerobic, sulfate-reducing biofilm were investigated with an annular biofilm reactor. Biofilm growth, sulfide production, and kinetic constants (K(m) and V(max)) for the bacterial sulfate uptake within the biofilm were determined. These parameters were used to model the biofilm kinetics, and the experimental results were in good agreement with the model predictions. Typical zero-order volume rate constants for sulfate reduction in a biofilm without substrate limitation ranged from 56 to 93 mumol of SO(4)-cm h at 20 degrees C. The temperature dependence (Q(10)) of sulfate reduction was equivalent to 3.4 at between 9 and 20 degrees C. The measured rates of sulfate reduction could explain the relatively high sulfide levels found in sewers and wastewater treatment systems. Furthermore, it has been shown that sulfate reduction in biofilms just a few hundred micrometers thick is limited by sulfate diffusion into biofilm at concentrations below 0.5 mM. This observation might, in some cases, be an explanation for the relatively poor capacity of the sulfate-reducing bacteria to compete with the methanogenic bacteria in anaerobic wastewater treatment in submerged filters.