Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4, and Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37932.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Jun;54(6):1383-93. doi: 10.1128/aem.54.6.1383-1393.1988.
Oil field injection water was allowed to back flow from two wells at the Packard drill site in Los Angeles, Calif., and was sampled at various times to obtain information about the biomass, potential activity, and community structure of the microbiota in the reservoir formation and in the injection water. Biomass was greatest in water samples that came from the zone near the injection site and dropped off sharply in subsequent samples, which were assumed to come from zones farther away from the well. Samples obtained from near the well also had visible exopolysaccharide blankets, as seen in scanning electron microscopic preparations. In one of the wells that was sampled, rates of glucose or acetate incorporation into microbial lipids correlated with biomass; but in the other well, activities correlated with the sampling time (volume of water that back flowed). Transmission electron micrographs showed a diverse, gram-negative bacterial population in a variety of physiological states. The analysis of the phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid profiles of the samples revealed consistently large proportions of 18:1omega7c fatty acids, indicating the presence of many anaerobes, facultative organisms, or both. Proportions of cyclopropyl fatty acids and ratios of trans/cis monoenoic compounds increased with the volume of water that back flowed (analogous with the distance into the formation), while the ratio of unsaturated/saturated compounds decreased, possibly indicating higher levels of stress or starvation in the microbial communities farthest from the injection well. Greater than 90% of the total biomass was trapped on glass fiber filters, indicating that the microbiota were largely attached to particles or were clumped. These sampling techniques and analytical methods may prove useful in monitoring for problems with microbes (e.g., plugging) in waterflood operations and in the preparation of water injection wells for enhanced oil recovery by the use of microbes.
油田注水从加利福尼亚州洛杉矶的帕卡德钻井现场的两口井倒流，并在不同时间进行采样，以获取有关储层形成和注入水中微生物生物量、潜在活性和群落结构的信息。生物量在来自注入点附近区域的水样中最大，随后的水样急剧下降，这些水样被认为来自离井更远的区域。来自井附近的水样也有可见的胞外多糖毯，如扫描电子显微镜准备中所见。在所采样的一口井中，葡萄糖或乙酸盐掺入微生物脂质的速率与生物量相关；但在另一口井中，活性与采样时间（倒流的水量）相关。透射电子显微镜显示，革兰氏阴性细菌种群在各种生理状态下呈多样化。对样品的磷脂酯键连接脂肪酸图谱的分析表明，18:1omega7c 脂肪酸的比例始终很大，表明存在许多厌氧菌、兼性生物或两者兼而有之。环丙基脂肪酸的比例和反式/顺式单烯化合物的比例随着倒流的水量增加（类似于进入地层的距离）而增加，而不饱和/饱和化合物的比例降低，可能表明离注入井最远的微生物群落的压力或饥饿水平更高。超过 90%的总生物量被截留在玻璃纤维过滤器上，表明微生物群主要附着在颗粒上或聚集在一起。这些采样技术和分析方法可能有助于监测注水作业中微生物（例如堵塞）的问题，并有助于为微生物强化采油准备注水井。
